Frankenmolen Nikita L, Fasotti Luciano, Kessels Roy P C, Oosterman Joukje M
a Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition , Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.
b Rehabilitation Centre Klimmendaal , Arnhem , The Netherlands.
Exp Aging Res. 2018 Mar-Apr;44(2):117-134. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2017.1422472. Epub 2018 Jan 8.
Whether older adults use effective memory strategies to compensate for their memory decline partly depends on their executive functioning (EF). However, many studies have overlooked the role of cognitive reserve (CR). This study examines the effects of age, EF, and CR on memory strategy use.
A total of 83 participants (aged 18-85 years) were included. Strategy use was assessed using three measures: (1) self-reported strategy use in daily life, (2) self-reported and observed strategy use in a simulated daily life situation, and (3) self-reported strategy use during a word-pair task.
Results showed that CR was the strongest predictor of strategy use, both in daily life and during memory tasks. Although effects of age and EF were found, most of these effects disappeared when CR was added to the model. Furthermore, a higher CR was related to the use of more complex strategies and to more effective strategies in relation to task performance.
Higher levels of CR seem to enable individuals to use effective strategies. These results highlight the importance of the role of CR in compensating for the aging-related memory decline.
老年人是否使用有效的记忆策略来弥补其记忆衰退，部分取决于他们的执行功能（EF）。然而，许多研究忽视了认知储备（CR）的作用。本研究考察年龄、执行功能和认知储备对记忆策略使用的影响。
共纳入83名参与者（年龄在18 - 85岁之间）。使用三种方法评估策略使用情况：（1）日常生活中自我报告的策略使用情况；（2）在模拟日常生活情境中自我报告和观察到的策略使用情况；（3）在单词配对任务中自我报告的策略使用情况。
结果表明，认知储备是日常生活和记忆任务中策略使用的最强预测因素。虽然发现了年龄和执行功能的影响，但当将认知储备纳入模型时，这些影响大多消失。此外，较高的认知储备与使用更复杂的策略以及与任务表现相关的更有效策略有关。
较高水平的认知储备似乎使个体能够使用有效策略。这些结果凸显了认知储备在弥补与年龄相关的记忆衰退中所起作用的重要性。
