Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, German Armed Forces Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
Fire Department of Berlin, Volunteer Fire Department of Wedding, Berlin, Germany.
Occup Med (Lond). 2018 Feb 16;68(1):60-63. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqx172.
Terrorist attacks induce various responses in emergency responders. Addressing this range of responses in individual workers is of central interest.
To assess the gender- and occupation-specific effects of a terrorist attack, particularly in emergency responders.
This was a pilot study. Emergency responders present during the 2016 terrorist attack at Breitscheidplatz in Berlin were asked to participate. Measures for crisis management had been previously implemented. Stress (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]), quality of life (The World Health Organization Quality of Life [WHOQOL-BREF]), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5]) and current psychological symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory [BSI]) were assessed.
Thirty-seven subjects were included, 11 female and 26 male. The occupational groups included 16 firefighters, six police officers, five psychosocial health care personnel and nine members of aid organizations. Three months after the attack, female workers showed higher scores in stress and paranoid ideation, police officers showed higher scores in hostility and firefighters scored lower quality of life in environment and physical health.
The mental health burden identified in this study plays an important role for emergency responders after terrorist attacks. Differences between occupational groups may be attributable to differences in tasks that responders perform during acute incidents. The presence of these differences 3 months after the incident suggests that these are at least medium-term conditions. This study may inform the development of treatments and policies and it thus recommended to develop a multi-level assessment and treatment programme that is gender- and occupation-specific.
恐怖袭击会在急救人员中引起各种反应。关注个体工作人员的这种反应范围是至关重要的。
评估恐怖袭击对男性和女性急救人员的特定影响，尤其是在急救人员中。
这是一项试点研究。邀请了在 2016 年柏林布赖特沙伊德广场恐怖袭击中在场的急救人员参加。之前已经实施了危机管理措施。评估了应激（患者健康问卷 [PHQ]）、生活质量（世界卫生组织生活质量 [WHOQOL-BREF]）、创伤后应激障碍（DSM-5 创伤后应激障碍检查表 [PCL-5]）和当前心理症状（简明症状量表 [BSI]）。
共纳入 37 名受试者，其中 11 名女性，26 名男性。职业群体包括 16 名消防员、6 名警察、5 名心理社会健康护理人员和 9 名援助组织成员。袭击发生 3 个月后，女性工作人员的应激和偏执观念得分较高，警察的敌意得分较高，消防员的环境和身体健康的生活质量得分较低。
本研究确定的心理健康负担在恐怖袭击后对急救人员很重要。职业群体之间的差异可能归因于急救人员在急性事件中执行的任务不同。这些差异在事件发生 3 个月后仍然存在，表明这至少是中期情况。这项研究可以为治疗和政策的制定提供信息，因此建议制定一个针对性别和职业的多层次评估和治疗方案。
