Kang In Uk, Cha Wung Seok
Kyung Hee University.
Uisahak. 2017 Dec;26(3):339-378. doi: 10.13081/kjmh.2017.26.339.
This article discusses the development of early acupuncture needles as demonstrated by the artifacts excavated from the Northern part of the Yanji district, Jilin, China, during the Japanese colonial era (reported in 1941). Numerous bone needles, stone needles, and other medical devices were found in the Xiaoyingzi excavation. The stone needles from Xiaoyingzi can be categorized into three grades, based on length, of 8cm, 12-15cm, and 18cm. A set of round stones for massage were also discovered, along with obsidian blades. These relics were carefully stored in the middle of the body in the stone coffin. In addition to Xiaoyingzi, stone needles were also excavated along the lower valley region of the Tuman (Tumen, ) River. These facts indicate that the owner was involved in medical practice, and that medical procedures using stone needles were quite popular at the time. This article carefully investigates that the relics have nothing to do with weaving textile or military use. Current research on the origin of acupuncture has been confined either to stone needles from the prehistoric age or to bronze needles, as well as to literature from the Warring States period to the Han China, during which acupuncture technology was considerably expanded. However, substantial knowledge on the "gap" between stone needles and metal needles has been procured through the analysis of Xiaoyingzi, Yanji. The findings of Xiaoyingzi are also significant in providing a more detailed reconstruction of the development of acupuncture in East Asia and emergence of acupuncture throughout history. A large amount of medical items (stone and bone needles, cases for needles, massage stone type bianshi, and etc.), have been excavated from Xiaoyingzi and other neighbouring sites, Along with geographic and ecological factors, this archeological data strongly suggests the medical tradition of using acupuncture needles was practiced around Tumen River basin in the Bronze Age (10th century B.C.).
本文讨论了早期针灸针的发展，这一点通过在日本殖民时期（1941年报道）从中国吉林省延吉地区北部发掘出的文物得以证明。在小营子发掘中发现了许多骨针、石针和其他医疗器具。小营子的石针根据长度可分为三个等级，分别为8厘米、12至15厘米和18厘米。还发现了一套用于按摩的圆形石头以及黑曜石刀片。这些遗物被小心地存放在石棺的尸体中部。除了小营子，在图们江下游流域也发掘出了石针。这些事实表明，墓主人从事医疗实践，并且当时使用石针的医疗程序相当普遍。本文仔细研究了这些遗物与纺织或军事用途无关。目前关于针灸起源的研究要么局限于史前时代的石针或青铜针，要么局限于战国时期到汉代中国的文献，在此期间针灸技术有了相当大的发展。然而，通过对延吉小营子的分析，已经获得了关于石针和金属针之间“空白”的大量知识。小营子的发现对于更详细地重建东亚针灸的发展以及针灸在历史上的出现也具有重要意义。从小营子和其他邻近遗址发掘出了大量医疗物品（石针和骨针、针盒、按摩石砭石等），连同地理和生态因素，这些考古数据有力地表明，在青铜时代（公元前10世纪），图们江流域就存在使用针灸针的医疗传统。
