Karaji Niloofar, Sattentau Quentin J
The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Front Immunol. 2017 Dec 22;8:1863. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01863. eCollection 2017.
The prompt and efficient clearance of unwanted and abnormal cells by phagocytes is termed efferocytosis and is crucial for organism development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and regulation of the immune system. Dying cells are recognized by phagocytes through pathways initiated "find me" signals, recognition "eat me" signals and down-modulation of regulatory "don't eat me" signals. Pathogen infection may trigger cell death that drives phagocytic clearance in an immunologically silent, or pro-inflammatory manner, depending on the mode of cell death. In many cases, efferocytosis is a mechanism for eliminating pathogens and pathogen-infected cells; however, some pathogens have subverted this process and use efferocytic mechanisms to avoid innate immune detection and assist phagocyte infection. In parallel, phagocytes can integrate signals received from infected dying cells to elicit the most appropriate effector response against the infecting pathogen. This review focuses on pathogen-induced cell death signals that drive infected cell recognition and uptake by phagocytes, and the outcomes for the infected target cell, the phagocyte, the pathogen and the host.
吞噬细胞迅速有效地清除不需要的和异常细胞的过程称为胞葬作用，这对于生物体发育、组织稳态维持以及免疫系统调节至关重要。吞噬细胞通过由“找到我”信号启动的途径、识别“吃掉我”信号以及下调调节性“别吃我”信号来识别死亡细胞。病原体感染可能引发细胞死亡，根据细胞死亡方式，以免疫沉默或促炎方式驱动吞噬清除。在许多情况下，胞葬作用是消除病原体和病原体感染细胞的一种机制；然而，一些病原体已经颠覆了这一过程，并利用胞葬机制来避免先天免疫检测并协助吞噬细胞感染。同时，吞噬细胞可以整合从受感染的死亡细胞接收到的信号，以引发针对感染病原体的最适当效应反应。本综述重点关注病原体诱导的细胞死亡信号，这些信号驱动吞噬细胞对感染细胞的识别和摄取，以及对受感染靶细胞、吞噬细胞、病原体和宿主的影响。
