Cantinotti Massimiliano, Giordano Raffaele, Paterni Marco, Saura Daniel, Scalese Marco, Franchi Eliana, Assanta Nadia, Koestenberg Martin, Dulgheru Raluca, Sugimoto Tadafumi, Bernard Anne, Caballero Luis, Lancellotti Patrizio
Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Massa and Pisa, Italy.
Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
J Thorac Dis. 2017 Dec;9(12):5404-5422. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.11.26.
There is a crescent interest on normal adult echocardiographic values and the introduction of new deformation imaging and 3D parameters pose the issue of normative data. A multitude of nomograms has been recently published, however data are often fragmentary, difficult to find, and their strengths/limitations have been never evaluated.
(I) to provide a review of current echocardiographic nomograms; (II) to generate a tool for easy and fast access to these data. A literature search was conducted accessing the National Library of Medicine using the keywords: 2D/3D echocardiography, strain, left/right ventricle, atrial, mitral/tricuspid valve, aorta, reference values/nomograms/normal values. Adding the following keywords, the results were further refined: range/intervals, myocardial velocity, strain rate and speckle tracking. Forty one published studies were included. Our study reveals that for several of 2D/3D parameters sufficient normative data exist, however, a few limitations still persist. For some basic parameters (i.e., mitral/tricuspid/pulmonary valves, great vessels) and for 3D valves data are scarce. There is a lack of studies evaluating ethnic differences. Data have been generally expressed as mean values normalised for gender and age instead of computing models incorporating different variables (age/gender/body sizes) to calculate z scores. To summarize results a software () who automatically calculate range of normality for a broad range of echocardiographic measurements according to age/gender/weight/height, has been generated. We provide an up-to-date and critical review of strengths/limitation of current adult echocardiographic nomograms. Furthermore we generated a software for automatic, easy and fast access to multiple echocardiographic normative data.
人们对正常成人超声心动图值的兴趣日益浓厚，新的变形成像和三维参数的引入带来了规范数据的问题。最近已经发表了大量的列线图，然而数据往往是零散的，难以查找，而且它们的优势/局限性从未得到评估。
（I）对当前的超声心动图列线图进行综述；（II）生成一个便于快速获取这些数据的工具。使用关键词“二维/三维超声心动图、应变、左/右心室、心房、二尖瓣/三尖瓣、主动脉、参考值/列线图/正常值”在国立医学图书馆进行文献检索。加上以下关键词，结果进一步细化：范围/区间、心肌速度、应变率和散斑追踪。纳入了41项已发表的研究。我们的研究表明，对于一些二维/三维参数，有足够的规范数据，但仍存在一些局限性。对于一些基本参数（即二尖瓣/三尖瓣/肺动脉瓣、大血管）和三维瓣膜的数据很稀少。缺乏评估种族差异的研究。数据通常表示为按性别和年龄标准化的平均值，而不是包含不同变量（年龄/性别/身体尺寸）以计算z分数的计算模型。为了总结结果，生成了一个软件（），它可以根据年龄/性别/体重/身高自动计算广泛的超声心动图测量的正常范围。我们对当前成人超声心动图列线图的优势/局限性进行了最新的批判性综述。此外，我们还生成了一个软件，用于自动、便捷、快速地获取多个超声心动图规范数据。
