College of Resource and Environment Sciences/Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environmental Modeling of Regular Institutions of Higher Learning, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830046, People's Republic of China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Jan 8;190(2):69. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6437-x.
This study sought to analyze heavy metal (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Fe) pollution status in the waters of Aibi Lake in northwest China through the use of an applied comprehensive pollution index, health risk model, and multivariate statistical analyses in combination with the lake's land use types. Results showed that (1) the maximum (average) values of the heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Fe were 0.0644 (0.0123), 0.0006 (0.0002), 0.0009 (0.0032), 0.1235 (0.0242), 0.0061 (0.0025), and 0.0222 (0.0080) μg/L, respectively. Among these, in all the samples, Pb and Ni exceeded the standard and acceptable values put forth by the World Health Organization by 21.13 and 25.67%, respectively. Ni also exceeded (30.16%) the third grade of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China. The levels of the six heavy metals were all within the fishery and irrigation water quality standard ranges in China. (2) The average values for single pollution index of heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Fe were 1.000, 0.0006, 0.0009, 3.000, 0.060, and 0.070, respectively, among which Ni levels indicated moderate to significant pollution, while others indicated healthy levels. (3) Health risk evaluation showed that the R values for Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were 1.8 × 10, 5.33 × 10, 4.80 × 10, 1.08 × 10, and 2.51 × 10 a, respectively, of which, in all samples, Pb and Ni contents all exceeded the maximum acceptable risk levels according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) as well as the U.S. Environment Protection Agency. (4) Combining with multivariate statistical analyses along with the land use distribution within the lake basin, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Mn were mainly influenced by the agriculture production and emission from urban lives and traffics, and Fe mainly originated from the natural environment. The results of this research can provide reference values for heavy metal pollution prevention in Aibi Lake as well as for environmental protection of rump lakes in the arid regions of northwest China and Central Asia.
本研究通过应用综合污染指数、健康风险模型和多元统计分析，并结合湖泊土地利用类型，分析了中国西北地区艾比湖水中重金属（Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni、Mn 和 Fe）的污染状况。结果表明：（1）重金属 Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni、Mn 和 Fe 的最大（平均）值分别为 0.0644（0.0123）、0.0006（0.0002）、0.0009（0.0032）、0.1235（0.0242）、0.0061（0.0025）和 0.0222（0.0080）μg/L。在所有样本中，Pb 和 Ni 分别超过了世界卫生组织规定的标准和可接受值的 21.13%和 25.67%。Ni 也超过了中国地表水环境质量标准三级（30.16%）。六种重金属的含量均在我国渔业和灌溉水质标准范围内。（2）重金属 Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni、Mn 和 Fe 的单因子污染指数平均值分别为 1.000、0.0006、0.0009、3.000、0.060 和 0.070，其中 Ni 水平为中度至显著污染，其他为健康水平。（3）健康风险评估显示，Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn 和 Fe 的 R 值分别为 1.8×10、5.33×10、4.80×10、1.08×10 和 2.51×10 a，在所有样本中，Pb 和 Ni 的含量均超过了国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）和美国环境保护署规定的最大可接受风险水平。（4）结合湖泊流域土地利用分布的多元统计分析，Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni 和 Mn 主要受农业生产和城市生活、交通排放的影响，Fe 主要来自自然环境。本研究结果可为艾比湖重金属污染防治以及中国西北和中亚干旱地区其他小湖的环境保护提供参考价值。
