Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Food Funct. 2018 Feb 21;9(2):925-936. doi: 10.1039/c7fo01109a.
Kenaf is one of the important commercial fiber crops worldwide and defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM) is a secondary by-product from the kenaf industry. Thus, efforts to turn this low-cost agricultural waste into value-added functional food ingredients will definitely bring advantageous impacts to the community health, environment and economy. The present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective properties of DKSM and its phenolics-saponins rich extract (PSRE) in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rat model. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via atherogenic diet feeding and dietary interventions were conducted by incorporating DKSM (15% and 30%) and equivalent levels of PSRE (2.3% and 4.6%, respectively, equivalent to the total content of phenolics and saponins in DKSM groups) into the atherogenic diets. After 10 weeks of DKSM and PSRE supplementation, the hepatosomatic index, hepatosteatosis, serum lipid profile, Castelli risk indexes as well as hepatic and renal functions of hypercholesterolemic rats were significantly improved (p < 0.05). Besides, the levels of hepatic Hmgcr and serum Pcsk9 were lowered, along with transcriptional upregulations of hepatic Cyp7a1, Abca1, Lcat, ApoA2 and ApoE (p < 0.05). The gene expression of hepatic Ldlr was marginally enhanced by DKSM supplementation (p > 0.05), but superiorly upregulated by PSRE (p < 0.05). The combined results showed that hypercholesterolemia and the atherogenic risk in rats were effectively attenuated by DKSM and PSRE supplementation, possibly via modulations of multiple vital processes in hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, phenolics and saponins may be the bioactives conferring DKSM and PSRE with their anti-hypercholesterolemic properties. In conclusion, DKSM and PSRE are prospective cardioprotective functional food ingredients for hypercholesterolemic individuals.
剑麻是世界上重要的商业纤维作物之一，脱油剑麻籽粕（DKSM）是剑麻产业的次要副产物。因此，将这种低成本的农业废弃物转化为增值的功能性食品成分，必将对社区健康、环境和经济带来有利影响。本研究旨在探讨 DKSM 及其富含酚类和皂素的提取物（PSRE）在饮食诱导的高胆固醇血症大鼠模型中的心脏保护特性。通过致动脉粥样硬化饮食喂养诱导 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠高胆固醇血症，并通过将 DKSM（15%和 30%）和等量的 PSRE（分别为 2.3%和 4.6%，相当于 DKSM 组中酚类和皂素的总量）掺入致动脉粥样硬化饮食中进行饮食干预。在 10 周的 DKSM 和 PSRE 补充后，高胆固醇血症大鼠的肝体比、肝脂肪变性、血清脂质谱、Castelli 风险指数以及肝肾功能均得到显著改善（p<0.05）。此外，肝脏 Hmgcr 水平和血清 Pcsk9 水平降低，同时肝脏 Cyp7a1、Abca1、Lcat、ApoA2 和 ApoE 的转录水平上调（p<0.05）。DKSM 补充剂轻度增强了肝脏 Ldlr 的基因表达（p>0.05），而 PSRE 则显著上调了其基因表达（p<0.05）。综合结果表明，DKSM 和 PSRE 补充剂有效减轻了大鼠的高胆固醇血症和动脉粥样硬化风险，可能通过调节肝脏胆固醇代谢的多个重要过程。此外，酚类和皂素可能是赋予 DKSM 和 PSRE 抗高胆固醇血症特性的生物活性物质。总之，DKSM 和 PSRE 是高胆固醇血症个体具有心脏保护作用的功能性食品成分。
