Laboratori d'Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
Nursing Department, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Tahíche, Spain.
J Clin Nurs. 2018 Mar;27(5-6):e1179-e1188. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14253. Epub 2018 Jan 23.
To study the internal structure and measurement invariance of the Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire and to compare perceptions, experience and training, regarding use of physical restraint on the older people between nursing staff working in hospitals and nursing homes.
Physical restraint of patients is still common in many countries, and thus, it is important to study the attitudes of nursing staff. One of the most common tools used to assess perceptions regarding its use is the Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire. However, gaps exist in its internal structure and measurement invariance across different groups of respondents.
Cross-sectional multicentre survey.
Data were collected from nurses working in eight Spanish hospitals and 19 nursing homes. All registered nurses and nurse assistants (N = 3,838) were contacted, of whom 1,635 agreed to participate. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine internal structure and measurement invariance of Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire, after which scale scores and other measures of experience and training were compared between hospital-based (n = 855) and nursing homes-based (n = 780) nurses.
The Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire showed three invariant factors across type of facility, and also professional category and sex. Nursing staff working in both types of facility scored similarly; prevention of therapy disruption and prevention of falls were rated more important. Nurses working in nursing homes reported using restraint "many times" more frequently (52.9% vs. 38.6%), less severe lack of training (18.2% vs. 58.7%) being perceived as more adequate (33.4% vs. 17.7%), than hospital-based nurses.
These findings support Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire as a valid and reliable tool for assessing the importance given to the use of physical restraint in the older people by nursing professionals, regardless of the setting being studied.
The information would help design more specifically the physical restraint training of nursing staff and to plan institutional interventions aimed at reducing its use.
研究《身体约束使用问卷》的内部结构和测量不变性，并比较医院和养老院护理人员对老年人使用身体约束的看法、经验和培训。
在许多国家，对患者进行身体约束仍然很常见，因此，研究护理人员的态度很重要。评估使用身体约束的态度最常用的工具之一是《身体约束使用问卷》。然而，在不同受访者群体之间，其内部结构和测量不变性存在差距。
跨中心横断面调查。
数据来自西班牙八家医院和 19 家养老院的护士。联系了所有注册护士和护士助理（N=3838），其中 1635 人同意参与。进行验证性因子分析，以确定《身体约束使用问卷》的内部结构和测量不变性，然后比较医院（n=855）和养老院（n=780）护士的量表得分和其他经验与培训措施。
《身体约束使用问卷》在设施类型、专业类别和性别方面均显示出三个不变因素。在两种类型的设施中工作的护理人员评分相似；预防治疗中断和预防跌倒被认为更为重要。在养老院工作的护士报告说更频繁地使用约束（52.9%比 38.6%），认为缺乏更严重的培训（18.2%比 58.7%）更合适（33.4%比 17.7%）。
这些发现支持《身体约束使用问卷》作为评估护理专业人员对老年人使用身体约束的重要性的有效和可靠工具，无论研究的环境如何。
这些信息将有助于更具体地设计护理人员的身体约束培训，并计划旨在减少其使用的机构干预措施。
