Forward R B
Biol Bull. 1990 Jun;178(3):195-204. doi: 10.2307/1541819.
The ontogeny of behavioral responses of larvae of the crabs Rhithropanopeus harrisii and Neopanope sayi to rates of change in temperature were analyzed using a video system. A temperature decrease evoked an ascent in both species. The threshold rates of decrease for Stages I and IV zoeae of R. harrisii, and Stage I zoeae of N. sayi, were 0.06, 0.1, and 0.09°C min-1, respectively. Stage IV zoeae of N. sayi were unresponsive to any rate of decrease. Larvae descended upon a temperature increase. For Stages I and IV zoeae of R. harrisii and Stage I of N. sayi the threshold rates of temperature increase were 0.07, 0.24, and 0.18°C min-1, respectively. Stage IV zoeae of N. sayi were again unresponsive. In general, there was an ontogenetic change in responsiveness as Stage IV zoeae of both species were less sensitive than Stage I zoeae. The average absolute amounts of temperature change needed to evoke a response was independent of the rate of change at rates above threshold and ranged from 0.29 to 0.49°C for both species. A consideration of larval sinking rates and ascent speeds, as well as normal environmental temperature gradients, shows that larvae of both species can respond to the rates and amounts of temperature change found in their environments. These responses constitute a negative feedback system that could be used to regulate depth relative to temperature.
利用视频系统分析了哈氏锐额蟹（Rhithropanopeus harrisii）和萨氏新哲水蚤（Neopanope sayi）幼体行为反应的个体发生与温度变化速率的关系。温度降低会促使这两个物种的幼体上升。哈氏锐额蟹I期和IV期溞状幼体以及萨氏新哲水蚤I期溞状幼体的温度降低阈值速率分别为0.06、0.1和0.09℃·min⁻¹。萨氏新哲水蚤IV期溞状幼体对任何降低速率均无反应。温度升高时幼体会下沉。哈氏锐额蟹I期和IV期溞状幼体以及萨氏新哲水蚤I期溞状幼体的温度升高阈值速率分别为0.07、0.24和0.18℃·min⁻¹。萨氏新哲水蚤IV期溞状幼体同样无反应。总体而言，随着两个物种的IV期溞状幼体比I期溞状幼体敏感性更低，其反应存在个体发生变化。在高于阈值的速率下，引发反应所需的温度变化平均绝对量与变化速率无关，两个物种的该值范围均为0.29至0.49℃。对幼体下沉速率和上升速度以及正常环境温度梯度的考量表明，两个物种的幼体都能够对其环境中出现的温度变化速率和变化量做出反应。这些反应构成了一个负反馈系统，可用于调节相对于温度的深度。
