Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
Pest Manag Sci. 2018 Jun;74(6):1272-1278. doi: 10.1002/ps.4851. Epub 2018 Mar 9.
An understanding of the causes and consequences of dispersal is vital for managing populations. Environmental contaminants, such as pesticides, provide potential environmental context-dependent stimuli for dispersal of targeted and non-targeted species, which may occur not only for active but also for passive dispersal, although such a possibility is frequently neglected. Here, we assessed the potential of food deprivation and acaricides to interfere with the take-off for passive (wind) dispersal of the predatory mite Neoseiulus baraki.
Wind tunnel bioassays indicated that starvation favoured the take-off for wind dispersal by the mite predator, which also varied with wind velocity, and dispersal increased at higher velocities within the 1-7 (m s ) range tested. For the acaricides tested, particularly the biopesticide azadirachtin but also abamectin and fenpyroximate, the rate of predator take-off for dispersal increased, and further increased with wind velocity up to 7 m/s. Such responses were associated with changes in the predator behavioural preparation for wind-mediated passive dispersal, with a greater incidence of the standing posture that permitted take-off.
The rate of take-off for passive dispersal by N. baraki increased with food deprivation and exposure to the residues of agricultural acaricides. Azadirachtin exposure resulted in a particularly strong response, although abamectin and fenpyroximate also stimulated dispersal. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
了解扩散的原因和后果对于管理种群至关重要。环境污染物，如农药，为目标和非目标物种的扩散提供了潜在的环境依赖刺激，这种扩散不仅可能是主动的，也可能是被动的，尽管这种可能性经常被忽视。在这里，我们评估了食物剥夺和杀螨剂对捕食性螨虫 Neoseiulus baraki 被动（风）扩散起飞的潜在影响。
风洞生物测定表明，饥饿有利于捕食性螨虫的风扩散起飞，这也随风速而变化，在测试的 1-7（m s）范围内风速越高，扩散增加。对于测试的杀螨剂，特别是生物农药印楝素，但也包括阿维菌素和唑螨酯，捕食者的扩散起飞率增加，在 7 m/s 的风速下进一步增加。这种反应与捕食者对风介导的被动扩散的行为准备的变化有关，其中站立姿势的发生率更高，从而允许起飞。
N. baraki 的被动扩散起飞率随着食物剥夺和暴露于农业杀螨剂残留的增加而增加。印楝素暴露导致了特别强烈的反应，尽管阿维菌素和唑螨酯也刺激了扩散。© 2018 英国化学工业学会。
