Anyanwu Chika
a School of Communication and Creative Industries, Charles Sturt University , Bathurst, New South Wales , Australia.
Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018 Feb;20(1):26-33. doi: 10.1080/17549507.2018.1419281. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
At its very first session, the United Nations General Assembly, adopted Resolution 59(I) which states that "freedom of information is a fundamental human right and … the touchstone of all the freedoms to which the United Nations is consecrated". In 1948, it proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris. Article 19 of that Declaration states that "everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers". When we place these basic human rights against current global terror threats, and consequent restrictive antiterror legislations to combat them, the question becomes whether Article 19 is still relevant in the context of today's changed security landscape. The aim of this paper is to explore ways that anti-terror legislations can balance between national security, and the protection of freedom of information.
联合国大会在其第一届会议上通过了第59(I)号决议，其中指出“信息自由是一项基本人权，也是联合国所致力维护的所有自由的试金石”。1948年，联合国在巴黎宣布了《世界人权宣言》。该宣言第19条规定：“人人有权享有主张和发表意见的自由；此项权利包括持有主张而不受干涉的自由，以及通过任何媒介和不论国界寻求、接受和传递消息和思想的自由”。当我们将这些基本人权与当前全球恐怖主义威胁以及为应对这些威胁而出台的限制性反恐立法相对照时，问题就变成了在当今安全形势已发生变化的背景下，第19条是否仍然适用。本文旨在探讨反恐立法如何在国家安全与信息自由保护之间取得平衡。
