Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR545 Fromage, 20 côte de Reyne, F-15000, Aurillac, France.
Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 9;8(1):200. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18447-y.
The objectives of this study were to explore bacterial community assembly from cow teat skin to raw milk cheeses and to evaluate the role of farming systems on this assembly using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. The two grazing systems studied (extensive vs. semi-extensive) had a greater effect on the microbiota of cow teat skin than on that of raw milks and cheeses. On teat skin, the relative abundance of several taxa at different taxonomic levels (Coriobacteriia, Bifidobacteriales, Corynebacteriales, Lachnospiraceae, Atopobium, and Clostridium) varied depending on the grazing system and the period (early or late summer). In cheese, the abundance of sub-dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) varied depending on the grazing system. Overall, 85% of OTUs detected in raw milks and 27% of OTUs detected in ripened cheeses were also found on cow teat skin. Several shared OTUs were assigned to taxa known to be involved in the development of cheese sensory characteristics, such as Micrococcales, Staphylococcaceae, and LAB. Our results highlight the key role of cow teat skin as a reservoir of microbial diversity for raw milk, and for the first time, that cow teat skin serves as a potential source of microorganisms found in raw-milk cheeses.
本研究的目的是探索从奶牛乳头皮肤到生乳奶酪的细菌群落组装，并使用 16S rRNA 基因高通量测序评估养殖系统对这种组装的作用。所研究的两种放牧系统（粗放型与半粗放型）对奶牛乳头皮肤微生物群的影响大于对生乳和奶酪的影响。在乳头皮肤上，不同分类水平（Coriobacteriia、Bifidobacteriales、Corynebacteriales、Lachnospiraceae、Atopobium 和 Clostridium）的几个分类群的相对丰度取决于放牧系统和时期（夏初或夏末）。在奶酪中，亚优势乳酸菌（LAB）的丰度取决于放牧系统。总体而言，生乳中检测到的 85%的 OTUs 和成熟奶酪中检测到的 27%的 OTUs 也存在于奶牛乳头皮肤上。一些共享的 OTUs 被分配到已知参与奶酪感官特性发展的分类群，如 Micrococcales、葡萄球菌科和 LAB。我们的研究结果强调了奶牛乳头皮肤作为生乳和首次作为生乳奶酪中发现的微生物潜在来源的微生物多样性储存库的关键作用。
