Al Qadire Mohammad, Alkhalaileh Murad, Hina Hedaya
Dept. of Adult Health, Nursing School, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.
Dept. of Nursing, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Iran J Public Health. 2018 Jan;47(1):49-56.
The interaction between inherited mutated genes and environmental factors is believed to play a crucial role in cancer development. The main aim was to identify lifestyle-related risk factors for breast cancer among Jordanian women.
A hospital-based multicenter case-control study was conducted in Jordan in 2016. Overall, 405 cases and 418 controls, in 3 large hospitals where cancer patients are treated, participated. The prevalence of individual and groups of cancer-related risk factors was estimated descriptively using percentages and odd ratios with their correlated 95% Confidence interval (CI). The predictors of the occurrence of breast cancer were determined using logistic regression to estimate unadjusted association and adjusted association.
Women in the case group (mean=49.2 yr, SD 10.2) were older than those in the control group (mean=45.9, SD 10.9). Physical activity (sufficiently active) (OR=2.76; 95% CI=1.96-3.87) and fruit and vegetable intake (good or optimal) (OR=1.71 95% CI=1.25-2.35) were found to be associated with reduced breast cancer risk. However, calcium intake (>3 times a week) (OR=0.51; 95% CI=0.34-0.77) was associated with increased risk of breast cancer.
Lifestyle risk factors were identified, and certain modifications to lifestyle are needed. Women's awareness of these factors should be raised through appropriate channels, as a priority of the health authorities. Increasing the amount of high-quality research in this area remains one of the best ways to fight breast cancer, reducing its incidence and associated morbidities.
遗传突变基因与环境因素之间的相互作用被认为在癌症发展中起着关键作用。主要目的是确定约旦女性中与生活方式相关的乳腺癌风险因素。
2016年在约旦进行了一项基于医院的多中心病例对照研究。共有405例病例和418例对照参与，研究在3家治疗癌症患者的大型医院中开展。使用百分比和比值比及其相关的95%置信区间（CI）对个体和癌症相关风险因素组的患病率进行描述性估计。使用逻辑回归确定乳腺癌发生的预测因素，以估计未调整的关联和调整后的关联。
病例组女性（平均年龄=49.2岁，标准差10.2）比对照组女性（平均年龄=45.9岁，标准差10.9）年龄更大。发现身体活动（足够活跃）（比值比=2.76；95%置信区间=1.96 - 3.87）以及水果和蔬菜摄入量（良好或最佳）（比值比=1.71，95%置信区间=1.25 - 2.35）与降低乳腺癌风险相关。然而，钙摄入量（每周超过3次）（比值比=0.51；95%置信区间=0.34 - 0.77）与乳腺癌风险增加相关。
确定了生活方式风险因素，需要对生活方式进行某些调整。作为卫生当局的优先事项，应通过适当渠道提高女性对这些因素的认识。增加该领域高质量研究的数量仍然是对抗乳腺癌、降低其发病率和相关发病率的最佳方法之一。
