Delpino Eugenia M, Galarza Maria L, DE Albuja Carmen M, Humphries A A
Biol Bull. 1975 Dec;149(3):480-491. doi: 10.2307/1540381.
The pouch of Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler) serves as the location for development of the embryo up to the swimming tadpole stage. The pouch lies under the dorsal integument of the female and, in nonpregnant females, is similar to the integument. Pregnancy is accompanied by increased vascularization of the pouch. Blood capillaries from the corium become closely associated with the epithelial lining of the pouch, and vascularized outgrowths of the pouch partially envelop the embryos. Embryonic development in the pouch is characterized by the presence of peculiar gills, the highly vascularized "bell gills," which expand and flatten against the inner surface of the jelly capsule, forming an individual sac about each embryo and thus establishing a close relationship between embryonic and maternal circulatory systems. After birth of the tadpoles, the gills are soon resorbed and there is regression of the vascularization of the pouch. Reorganization of the tissue and shedding of the lining epithelium restore the pouch to the condition found in the nonpregnant female.
里奥班巴达尔文蛙（Fowler）的育儿袋是胚胎发育至游动蝌蚪阶段的场所。育儿袋位于雌性的背部皮肤之下，在未怀孕的雌性中，它与皮肤相似。怀孕伴随着育儿袋血管化增加。真皮层的毛细血管与育儿袋的上皮内衬紧密相连，育儿袋的血管化突出部分部分包裹着胚胎。育儿袋中的胚胎发育以特殊鳃的存在为特征，即高度血管化的“钟形鳃”，它们在凝胶胶囊内表面展开并变平，围绕每个胚胎形成一个单独的囊，从而在胚胎和母体循环系统之间建立密切关系。蝌蚪出生后，鳃很快被吸收，育儿袋的血管化也会消退。组织重组和内衬上皮脱落使育儿袋恢复到未怀孕雌性的状态。
