鲎（美洲鲎）和招潮蟹（战斗招潮蟹）促色素细胞激素的比较1.

COMPARISON OF CHROMATOPHOROTROPINS FROM THE HORSESHOE CRAB LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS, AND THE FIDDLER CRAB, UCA PUGILATOR 1.

作者信息

Fingerman Milton, Bartell Clelmer K, Krasnow Robert A

出版信息

Biol Bull. 1971 Jun;140(3):376-388. doi: 10.2307/1540275.

DOI:10.2307/1540275

PMID:29324199

Abstract

Extracts of the central nervous system of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, were assayed for chromatophorotropic activity on the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. The extracts caused pigment dispersion in the melanophores and pigment concentration in the leucophores but had no effect on the erythrophores. 2. The ethanol-soluble and 95% methanol:chloroform (2:1)-soluble fractions of the central nervous system from the horseshoe crab evoked melanin-dispersing and white pigment-concentrating responses which had larger amplitudes and longer durations than did the responses caused by extracts prepared directly in saline. 3. Neither gel filtration nor acetone fractionation was effective in separating the melanin-dispersing activity from the white pigment-concentrating activity in extracts of the central nervous system of the horseshoe crab. These responses appear to be caused by either the same molecule or by different substances having similar elution patterns from Bio-Gel P-6. 4. Extracts of the eyestalk of the fiddler crab were fractionated on Bio-Gel P-6. The melanin-dispersing, white pigment-dispersing and red pigment-dispersing activities were eluted with an R of 0.57, the same value as that of the major peaks of melanin-dispersing and white pigment-concentrating activities from the central nervous system of the horseshoe crab. In contrast, the white pigment-concentrating and red pigment-concentrating activities of the fiddler crab separated from the pigment-dispersing activities, having been eluted later from the column of Bio-Gel P-6 with an R of 0.28. 5. The chromatophorotropic material in the central nervous system of the horseshoe crab is more closely related to the melanin-dispersing material of the fiddler crab than to the white pigment-concentrating hormone of the fiddler crab. 6. The chromatophorotropins in the central nervous system of the horseshoe crab and the radial nerves of the sea star differ from each other in their elution patterns from a column of Bio-Gel P-6 and in the chromatophore responses they evoke in the fiddler crab.

摘要

对美洲鲎（Limulus polyphemus）中枢神经系统提取物进行检测，观察其对招潮蟹（Uca pugilator）的色素细胞促动活性。提取物使黑色素细胞中的色素扩散，使白色素细胞中的色素聚集，但对红色素细胞没有影响。2. 美洲鲎中枢神经系统的乙醇可溶部分以及95%甲醇：氯仿（2:1）可溶部分引发的黑色素扩散和白色素聚集反应，其幅度比直接用生理盐水制备的提取物引发的反应更大，持续时间更长。3. 在美洲鲎中枢神经系统提取物中，凝胶过滤和丙酮分级分离都无法将黑色素扩散活性与白色素聚集活性分开。这些反应似乎是由同一分子引起的，或者是由从Bio-Gel P-6中具有相似洗脱模式的不同物质引起的。4. 对招潮蟹眼柄提取物在Bio-Gel P-6上进行分级分离。黑色素扩散、白色素扩散和红色素扩散活性的洗脱系数Rf为0.57，与美洲鲎中枢神经系统中黑色素扩散和白色素聚集活性的主要峰的洗脱系数相同。相比之下，招潮蟹的白色素聚集和红色素聚集活性与色素扩散活性分离，从Bio-Gel P-6柱上洗脱得更晚，洗脱系数Rf为0.28。5. 美洲鲎中枢神经系统中的色素细胞促动物质与招潮蟹的黑色素扩散物质的关系，比与招潮蟹的白色素聚集激素的关系更密切。6. 美洲鲎中枢神经系统和海星放射神经中的色素细胞促动素，在Bio-Gel P-6柱上的洗脱模式以及它们在招潮蟹中引发的色素细胞反应方面彼此不同。