Institute for Breathing & Sleep, Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia; Monash University, School of Psychological Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Institute for Breathing & Sleep, Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia; RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Bundoora, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2018 Mar;112:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.12.017. Epub 2018 Jan 8.
This study assessed the impact of an education program on knowledge of sleepiness and driving behaviour in young adult drivers and their performance and behaviour during simulated night driving. Thirty-four participants (18-26 years old) were randomized to receive either a four-week education program about sleep and driving or a control condition. A series of questionnaires were administered to assess knowledge of factors affecting sleep and driving before and after the four-week education program. Participants also completed a two hour driving simulator task at 1am after 17 h of extended wakefulness to assess the impact on driving behaviour. There was an increase in circadian rhythm knowledge in the intervention group following the education program. Self-reported risky behaviour increased in the control group with no changes in other aspects of sleep knowledge. There were no significant differences in proportion of intervention and control participants who had microsleeps (p ≤ .096), stopped driving due to sleepiness (p = .107), recorded objective episodes of drowsiness (p = .455), and crashed (p = .761), although there was a trend towards more control participants having microsleeps and stopping driving. Those in the intervention group reported higher subjective sleepiness at the end of the drive [M = 6.25, SD = 3.83, t(31) = 2.15, p = .05] and were more likely to indicate that they would stop driving [M = 3.08, SD = 1.16, t(31) = 2.24, p = .04]. The education program improved some aspects of driver knowledge about sleep and safety. The results also suggested that the education program lead to an increased awareness of sleepiness. Education about sleep and driving could reduce the risk of drowsy driving and associated road trauma in young drivers, but requires evaluation in a broader sample with assessment of real world driving outcomes.
这项研究评估了一个教育计划对年轻成年司机的睡眠意识和驾驶行为以及他们在模拟夜间驾驶期间的表现和行为的影响。34 名参与者（18-26 岁）被随机分配接受为期四周的关于睡眠和驾驶的教育计划或对照组。在四周的教育计划之前和之后，一系列问卷被用来评估影响睡眠和驾驶的因素的知识。参与者还在 17 小时的长时间清醒后，于凌晨 1 点完成了两个小时的驾驶模拟器任务，以评估对驾驶行为的影响。干预组在教育计划后，昼夜节律知识有所增加。在对照组中，自我报告的危险行为增加，而其他睡眠知识方面没有变化。干预组和对照组参与者中有微睡眠（p≤.096）、因困倦而停止驾驶（p=1.107）、记录客观困倦发作（p=4.55）和撞车（p=761）的比例没有显著差异，尽管控制组参与者有微睡眠和停止驾驶的趋势更大。干预组的参与者在驾驶结束时报告更高的主观困倦感[M=6.25，SD=3.83，t（31）=2.15，p=0.05]，更有可能表示他们会停止驾驶[M=3.08，SD=1.16，t（31）=2.24，p=0.04]。教育计划提高了司机对睡眠和安全的一些方面的认识。结果还表明，教育计划导致对困倦的认识增加。关于睡眠和驾驶的教育可以降低年轻司机昏昏欲睡驾驶和相关道路创伤的风险，但需要在更广泛的样本中进行评估，并评估现实世界的驾驶结果。
