Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment (Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration), 73g Russkaya Street, Vladivostok, 690105, Russia.
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110, Terma Mezourlo, Larissa, Greece.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Apr;235:489-496. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.122. Epub 2018 Jan 8.
Environmental pollution, local climatic conditions and their association with the prevalence and exacerbation of asthma are topics of intense current medical investigation.
Air pollution in the area of Vladivostock was estimated both by the index of emission volumes of "air gaseous components" (nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide) in urban atmosphere and by mass spectrometric analysis of precipitates in snow samples. A total of 172 local asthma patients (101 controlled-asthma patients-CAP and 71 non-controlled asthma patients - nCAP) were evaluated with the use of spirometry and body plethysmography. Airway obstruction reversibility was evaluated with the use of an inhaled bronchodilator. Using discriminant analysis the association of environmental parameters with clinical indices of asthma patients is explored and thresholds of impact are established.
CAP presented high sensitivity to large-size suspended air particles and to several of the studied climatic parameters. Discriminant analysis showed high values of Wilks' lambda index (α = 0.69-0.81), which implies limited influence of environmental factors on the respiratory parameters of CAP. nCAP were more sensitive and susceptible to the majority of the environmental factors studied, including air suspended toxic metals particles (Cr, Zn and Ni). Air suspended particles showed higher tendency for pathogenicity in nCAP population than in the CAP, with a wider range of particle sizes being involved. Dust fractions ranging from 0 to 1 μm and from 50 to 100 μm were additionally implicated compared to CAP group. Considerably lowest thresholds levels of impact are calculated for nCAP.
环境污染、当地气候条件及其与哮喘发病率和恶化的关系是当前医学研究的热点。
通过城市大气中“空气气态成分”（氮氧化物和二氧化氮、甲醛、硫化氢、一氧化碳）排放量指数以及对雪样中沉淀物的质谱分析，对符拉迪沃斯托克地区的空气污染进行了评估。共评估了 172 名当地哮喘患者（101 名控制型哮喘患者-CAP 和 71 名非控制型哮喘患者-nCAP），采用肺活量计和体描仪进行评估。使用吸入性支气管扩张剂评估气道阻塞的可逆性。采用判别分析探讨环境参数与哮喘患者临床指标的相关性，并确定影响的阈值。
CAP 对大悬浮空气颗粒和几种研究中的气候参数高度敏感。判别分析显示威尔克斯λ指数（α=0.69-0.81）值较高，这意味着环境因素对 CAP 呼吸参数的影响有限。nCAP 对大多数研究中的环境因素更敏感和易感，包括空气悬浮有毒金属颗粒（Cr、Zn 和 Ni）。与 CAP 相比，空气悬浮颗粒在 nCAP 人群中表现出更高的致病性趋势，涉及的颗粒粒径范围更广。与 CAP 组相比，还涉及到粒径在 0 至 1 µm 和 50 至 100 µm 之间的粉尘分数。nCAP 计算出的影响阈值水平明显较低。
