FIP Collaborating Centre, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
Royal Pharmaceutical Society, Global Pharmacy Workforce Observatory, 66-68 East Smithfield, London, E1W 1AW, United Kingdom.
Hum Resour Health. 2018 Jan 11;16(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12960-018-0267-y.
Human resources for health are at a critical low. The World Health Organization estimates that the current shortage of health workers, including pharmacists, is in excess of 7.2 million worldwide and that, by 2035, the shortage will reach 12.9 million. Pharmacists, in particular, are lacking in the workforce in many countries. The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) and academic partners have conducted periodic global pharmacy workforce surveys in 2006, 2009 and 2012 which have monitored and reported on the status of the pharmacy workforce at the country and territory levels. This current analysis is a synthesis of workforce capacity data from these date points to provide an overview of the global trends and changes to pharmacy workforce capacity over this time period.
The methodology proceeded with accessing workforce capacity data collated in 2006, 2009 and 2012 held on file at the FIP Collaborating Centre. This data had previously been validated and made available to WHO Human Resources for Health. The data focused (due to limitations from 2006 databank) on pharmacist workforce capacity. Countries and territories were identified that had data available across at least two of the three time points (2006, 2009 and 2012). Missing time-point data for some countries (data gaps) were subject, where possible, to literature and online data searching to capture possible missing data. Country-level capacity data were plotted against time to identify trends coupled with comparative analysis of the trends.
The countries and territories identified as having valid data for each of the time points 2006, 2009 and 2012 were present in all WHO regions, with Europe having the most countries with data available and South East Asia the fewest. All WHO regions have experienced an increase in the density of pharmacists (measured as number of pharmacists per 10 000 population) over the period 2006-2012. However, some countries show a reduction in the density of pharmacists. African countries show large relative increases in acceleration of capacity building but remain significantly behind in terms of absolute capacity per capita. South East Asian and Middle Eastern countries also show large proportional changes in pharmacist workforce.
The global trend is an increase in workforce across all nations and regions, and this is a move in the right direction towards improved access to, and availability of, pharmaceutical expertise. However, there is still much to be done, with some regions and low-income countries still displaying a disproportionately low number of pharmacists on small overall capacity for delivering pharmacy services.
卫生人力资源严重短缺。世界卫生组织估计，目前全球卫生工作者（包括药剂师）短缺超过 720 万，到 2035 年，短缺人数将达到 1290 万。许多国家都缺乏药剂师等劳动力。国际药剂师联合会（FIP）和学术伙伴在 2006 年、2009 年和 2012 年进行了定期全球药剂师劳动力调查，监测并报告了国家和地区一级药剂师劳动力的状况。本分析综合了这些时间点的劳动力能力数据，概述了全球趋势以及在此期间药剂师劳动力能力的变化。
该方法首先访问了 FIP 合作中心存档的 2006 年、2009 年和 2012 年收集的劳动力能力数据。这些数据此前已得到验证并提供给世卫组织人力资源。由于 2006 年数据库的限制，数据主要集中在药剂师的劳动力能力上。确定了至少有两个时间点（2006 年、2009 年和 2012 年）有数据的国家和地区。对于一些国家（数据空白）的数据缺失，我们尽可能通过文献和在线数据搜索来获取可能缺失的数据。根据时间绘制国家一级的能力数据，以确定趋势，并对趋势进行比较分析。
在所有世卫组织区域都有国家和地区被确定为在每个时间点（2006 年、2009 年和 2012 年）都有有效数据，欧洲拥有数据的国家最多，而东南亚国家最少。在 2006-2012 年期间，所有世卫组织区域的药师密度（每 10000 人口中的药师人数）都有所增加。然而，一些国家的药师密度有所下降。非洲国家在能力建设方面的加速相对较大，但在人均绝对能力方面仍明显落后。东南亚和中东国家的药剂师劳动力也发生了较大的比例变化。
全球趋势是所有国家和地区的劳动力都在增加，这是朝着改善获得和提供药学专业知识的方向迈出的正确一步。然而，仍有许多工作要做，一些区域和低收入国家的药剂师人数仍然相对较少，提供药学服务的总能力也较小。
