Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Sem Sælands vei 7, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) , Høgskoleringen 9, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Feb 20;52(4):2375-2384. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05125. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
Increasing hydropower electricity production constitutes a unique opportunity to mitigate climate change impacts. However, hydropower electricity production also impacts aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity through freshwater habitat alteration, water quality degradation, and land use and land use change (LULUC). Today, no operational model exists that covers any of these cause-effect pathways within life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper contributes to the assessment of LULUC impacts of hydropower electricity production in Norway in LCA. We quantified the inundated land area associated with 107 hydropower reservoirs with remote sensing data and related it to yearly electricity production. Therewith, we calculated an average net land occupation of 0.027 m·yr/kWh of Norwegian storage hydropower plants for the life cycle inventory. Further, we calculated an adjusted average land occupation of 0.007 m·yr/kWh, accounting for an underestimation of water area in the performed maximum likelihood classification. The calculated land occupation values are the basis to support the development of methods for assessing the land occupation impacts of hydropower on biodiversity in LCA at a damage level.
增加水电发电量是减轻气候变化影响的独特机会。然而，水电发电也通过改变淡水生境、水质恶化以及土地利用和土地利用变化（LULUC）对水生和陆生生物多样性产生影响。目前，生命周期评估（LCA）中没有涵盖这些因果关系途径的运营模式。本文为评估挪威水电发电的 LULUC 影响在 LCA 中做出了贡献。我们使用遥感数据量化了 107 个水力发电水库相关的淹没土地面积，并将其与每年的电力产量相关联。由此，我们计算出挪威储能水电站生命周期清单中平均每年每千瓦时 0.027 米的净土地占用量。此外，我们计算出调整后的平均土地占用量为 0.007 米·yr/kWh，这是因为在进行最大似然分类时低估了水域面积。所计算的土地占用值是支持在损害水平上在 LCA 中评估水电对生物多样性的土地占用影响的方法的发展的基础。
