Department of Energy and Process Engineering, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 10;712:134582. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134582. Epub 2019 Nov 22.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool for analyzing and comparing environmental impacts of products throughout their life cycles, facilitating shifts towards more environmentally friendly products. However, LCA does currently not address terrestrial biodiversity impacts related to the conversion of terrestrial habitat into aquatic habitat. This conversion can occur because of sea level rise, establishment of new land-based aquaculture, as well as reservoir expansion or creation. Here, we focus on land occupation and terrestrial biodiversity impacts, while transformation impacts, and habitat gain for aquatic species were beyond the scope of the study. To be able to estimate the regional and global terrestrial biodiversity impacts of future land occupation from terrestrial to aquatic habitat in LCA, we developed new characterization factors (CFs) for 781 terrestrial ecoregions, 5 land cover/use types, and 4 taxonomic groups. The basis for the development of the proposed CFs is the model concept of the currently recommended method for quantifying land use impacts on biodiversity in LCA by the Life Cycle Initiative hosted by United Nations Environmental Program. The global CFs vary between 7.44 E-20 PDF/m and 6.25 E-09 PDF/m, showing that a highly variable terrestrial biodiversity impact of land inundation between land cover/use types, taxonomic groups and ecoregions exists.
生命周期评估 (LCA) 是一种分析和比较产品整个生命周期环境影响的工具，有助于推动向更环保的产品转变。然而，LCA 目前并未解决与将陆地生境转化为水生生境相关的陆地生物多样性影响。这种转化可能是由于海平面上升、新的陆地水产养殖的建立，以及水库的扩张或建造而发生的。在这里，我们专注于土地占用和陆地生物多样性的影响，而转化的影响以及水生物种的栖息地增加则超出了研究的范围。为了能够在 LCA 中估计未来从陆地到水生生境的土地占用对陆地生物多样性的区域和全球影响，我们为 781 个陆地生态区、5 种土地覆盖/利用类型和 4 个分类群开发了新的特征化因子 (CF)。提出的 CF 的开发基础是由联合国环境规划署主持的生命周期倡议中目前推荐的量化 LCA 中土地利用对生物多样性影响的方法的模型概念。全球 CF 介于 7.44E-20PDF/m 和 6.25E-09PDF/m 之间，表明在土地覆盖/利用类型、分类群和生态区之间存在土地淹没对陆地生物多样性影响的高度可变。
