Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; email:
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2018 Mar 25;9:503-523. doi: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012626. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
The design of new food products and increased agricultural activities have produced a diversity of waste streams or by-products that contain a high load of organic matter. The underutilization of these streams presents a serious threat to the environment and to the financial viability of the agricultural sector and the food industry. Oleaginous microorganisms, such as yeast and microalgae, have been used to convert the organic matter present in many agricultural waste streams into an oil-rich biomass. Filamentous fungi are promising oleaginous microorganisms because of their high lipid accumulation potential and simple biomass recovery, the latter being related to their pellet-like growth morphology in submerged cultivation. This review highlights the use of oleaginous filamentous fungi to convert food by-products into value-added components, including the effect of cultivation conditions on biomass yield and composition. Special attention is given to downstream processing for the commercial production of fungal oil. Also discussed are innovative techniques to optimize the biomass oil yield and to minimize the challenges associated with biomass harvesting and oil extraction at industrial scale.
新食品产品的设计和农业活动的增加产生了多种含有高有机负荷的废物流或副产物。这些物流的未充分利用对环境以及农业部门和食品工业的财务可行性构成了严重威胁。油脂微生物，如酵母和微藻，已被用于将许多农业废物流中的有机物转化为富含油的生物质。丝状真菌是很有前途的油脂微生物，因为它们具有高脂质积累潜力和简单的生物质回收能力，后者与它们在浸没培养中的类似颗粒状的生长形态有关。本综述重点介绍了利用油脂丝状真菌将食品副产物转化为附加值成分，包括培养条件对生物质产量和组成的影响。特别关注用于商业生产真菌油的下游加工。还讨论了优化生物质油产量和最小化与工业规模生物质收获和油提取相关的挑战的创新技术。
