Sex Transm Dis. 2018 Feb;45(2):132-137. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000706.
Chlamydia trachomatis is a common, often recurring sexually transmitted infection, with serious adverse outcomes in women. Current guidelines recommend retesting after a chlamydia infection, but the optimum timing is unknown. We assessed the optimal retest interval after urogenital chlamydia treatment.
A randomized controlled trial among urogenital chlamydia nucleic acid amplification test positive heterosexual clients of the Amsterdam sexually transmitted infection clinic. After treatment, patients were randomly assigned for retesting 8, 16, or 26 weeks later. Patients could choose to do this at home (and send a self-collected sample by mail) or at the clinic. Retest uptake and chlamydia positivity at follow-up were calculated.
Between May 2012 and March 2013, 2253 patients were included (45% men; median age, 23 years; interquartile range, 21-26). The overall uptake proportion within 35 weeks after the initial visit was significantly higher in the 8-week group (77%) compared with the 16- and 26-week groups (67% and 64%, respectively, P < 0.001), and the positivity proportions among those retested were comparable (P = 0.169). The proportion of people with a diagnosed recurrent chlamydia infection among all randomized was similar between the groups (n = 69 [8.6%], n = 52 [7.4%], and n = 69 [9.3%]; P = 0.4).
Patients with a recent urogenital chlamydia are at high risk of recurrence of chlamydia and retesting them is an effective way of detecting chlamydia cases. We recommend inviting patients for a re-test 8 weeks after the initial diagnosis and treatment.
沙眼衣原体是一种常见的、常反复发作的性传播感染，对女性有严重的不良后果。目前的指南建议在感染衣原体后进行复查，但最佳时间尚不清楚。我们评估了泌尿生殖道衣原体感染治疗后的最佳复查间隔。
这是一项在阿姆斯特丹性传播感染诊所中泌尿生殖道衣原体核酸扩增试验阳性的异性恋患者中进行的随机对照试验。治疗后，患者被随机分配在 8、16 或 26 周后进行复查。患者可以选择在家中进行（并通过邮件自行采集样本）或在诊所进行。计算了随访时的复查参与率和衣原体阳性率。
2012 年 5 月至 2013 年 3 月期间，共纳入 2253 例患者（45%为男性；中位年龄为 23 岁；四分位间距为 21-26 岁）。在初次就诊后 35 周内，8 周组的总体复查参与率明显高于 16 周和 26 周组（分别为 77%和 67%和 64%，P<0.001），且复查者的阳性率相似（P=0.169）。在所有随机分组的人群中，被诊断为复发性衣原体感染的比例在各组之间相似（n=69[8.6%]、n=52[7.4%]和 n=69[9.3%]；P=0.4）。
近期患有泌尿生殖道衣原体感染的患者复发衣原体的风险较高，对其进行复查是发现衣原体病例的有效方法。我们建议在初次诊断和治疗后 8 周时邀请患者进行复查。
