Palacios Anabel, De Gracia Alvaro, Haurie Laia, Cabeza Luisa F, Fernández A Inés, Barreneche Camila
Department of Materials Science & Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Departament d'Enginyeria Mecanica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Materials (Basel). 2018 Jan 12;11(1):117. doi: 10.3390/ma11010117.
The implementation of organic phase change materials (PCMs) in several applications such as heating and cooling or building comfort is an important target in thermal energy storage (TES). However, one of the major drawbacks of organic PCMs implementation is flammability. The addition of flame retardants to PCMs or shape-stabilized PCMs is one of the approaches to address this problem and improve their final deployment in the building material sector. In this study, the most common organic PCM, Paraffin RT-21, and fatty acids mixtures of capric acid (CA), myristic acid (MA), and palmitic acid (PA) in bulk, were tested to improve their fire reaction. Several flame retardants, such as ammonium phosphate, melamine phosphate, hydromagnesite, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide, were tested. The properties of the improved PCM with flame retardants were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), the dripping test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results for the dripping test show that fire retardancy was considerably enhanced by the addition of hydromagnesite (50 wt %) and magnesium hydroxide (50 wt %) in fatty acids mixtures. This will help the final implementation of these enhanced PCMs in building sector. The influence of the addition of flame retardants on the melting enthalpy and temperatures of PCMs has been evaluated.
在加热和冷却或建筑舒适度等多种应用中采用有机相变材料（PCM）是热能存储（TES）的一个重要目标。然而，采用有机PCM的一个主要缺点是易燃性。在PCM中添加阻燃剂或制成形状稳定的PCM是解决这一问题并改善其在建筑材料领域最终应用的方法之一。在本研究中，对最常见的有机PCM——石蜡RT - 21以及散装的癸酸（CA）、肉豆蔻酸（MA）和棕榈酸（PA）的脂肪酸混合物进行了测试，以改善它们的燃烧反应。测试了几种阻燃剂，如磷酸铵、磷酸三聚氰胺、水菱镁矿、氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝。通过热重分析（TGA）、滴落试验和差示扫描量热法（DSC）对添加阻燃剂的改良PCM的性能进行了表征。滴落试验结果表明，在脂肪酸混合物中添加水菱镁矿（50 wt%）和氢氧化镁（50 wt%）可显著提高阻燃性。这将有助于这些改良PCM最终在建筑领域得到应用。评估了添加阻燃剂对PCM的熔化焓和温度的影响。
