MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jan 12;15(1):122. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010122.
Unknown remaining time of signal phase at a signalized intersection generally results in extra accelerations and decelerations that increase variations of operating conditions and thus emissions. A cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system can reduce unnecessary speed changes by establishing communications between vehicles and the signal infrastructure. However, the environmental benefits largely depend on drivers' compliance behaviors. To quantify the effects of drivers' compliance rates on emissions, this study applied VISSIM 5.20 (Planung Transport Verkehr AG, Karlsruhe, Germany) to develop a simulation model for a signalized intersection, in which light duty vehicles were equipped with a cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system. A vehicle-specific power (VSP)-based model was used to estimate emissions. Based on simulation data, the effects of different compliance rates on VSP distributions, emission factors, and total emissions were analyzed. The results show the higher compliance rate decreases the proportion of VSP bin = 0, which means that the frequencies of braking and idling were lower and light duty vehicles ran more smoothly at the intersection if more light duty vehicles complied with the cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system, and emission factors for light duty vehicles decreased significantly as the compliance rate increased. The case study shows higher total emission reductions were observed with higher compliance rate for all of CO₂, NO, HC, and CO emissions. CO₂ was reduced most significantly, decreased by 16% and 22% with compliance rates of 0.3 and 0.7, respectively.
信号交叉口未知的信号相位剩余时间通常会导致额外的加速和减速，从而增加运行条件的变化，进而增加排放。车辆-基础设施合作系统可以通过在车辆和信号基础设施之间建立通信来减少不必要的速度变化。然而，环境效益在很大程度上取决于驾驶员的合规行为。为了量化驾驶员的合规率对排放的影响，本研究应用 VISSIM 5.20（Planung Transport Verkehr AG，卡尔斯鲁厄，德国）开发了一个信号交叉口的仿真模型，其中轻型车辆配备了车辆-基础设施合作系统。采用基于车辆比功率（VSP）的模型来估算排放。基于仿真数据，分析了不同合规率对 VSP 分布、排放因子和总排放量的影响。结果表明，较高的合规率降低了 VSP -bin=0 的比例，这意味着如果更多的轻型车辆遵守合作车辆-基础设施系统，制动和怠速的频率会降低，轻型车辆在交叉口的运行会更加平稳，轻型车辆的排放因子随着合规率的提高而显著降低。案例研究表明，对于所有 CO₂、NO、HC 和 CO 排放，较高的合规率都能实现更高的总减排量。CO₂ 的减排最为显著，合规率分别为 0.3 和 0.7 时，CO₂ 的减排量分别减少了 16%和 22%。
