极端高估的信念：暴力极端主义信念如何“常态化”
Extreme Overvalued Beliefs: How Violent Extremist Beliefs Become "Normalized".
作者信息
Rahman Tahir
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
出版信息
Behav Sci (Basel). 2018 Jan 12;8(1):10. doi: 10.3390/bs8010010.
Extreme overvalued beliefs (EOB) are rigidly held, non-deusional beliefs that are the motive behind most acts of terrorism and mass shootings. EOBs are differentiated from delusions and obsessions. The concept of an overvalued idea was first described by Wernicke and later applied to terrorism by McHugh. Our group of forensic psychiatrists (Rahman, Resnick, Harry) refined the definition as an aid in the differential diagnosis seen in acts of violence. The form and content of EOBs is discussed as well as group effects, conformity, and obedience to authority. Religious cults such as The People's Temple, Heaven's Gate, Aum Shinrikyo, and Islamic State (ISIS) and conspiracy beliefs such as assassinations, moon-hoax, and vaccine-induced autism beliefs are discussed using this construct. Finally, some concluding thoughts on countering violent extremism, including its online presence is discussed utilizing information learned from online eating disorders and consumer experience.
极端高估信念（EOB）是一种顽固持有的、非妄想性的信念，是大多数恐怖主义行为和大规模枪击事件背后的动机。EOB与妄想和强迫观念有所不同。高估观念这一概念最早由韦尼克描述，后来麦克休将其应用于恐怖主义研究。我们的法医精神病学团队（拉赫曼、雷斯尼克、哈里）对该定义进行了完善，以辅助暴力行为中的鉴别诊断。文中讨论了EOB的形式和内容，以及群体效应、从众心理和对权威的服从。运用这一概念对诸如人民圣殿教、天堂之门、奥姆真理教和伊斯兰国（ISIS）等宗教邪教组织，以及诸如暗杀阴谋、登月骗局和疫苗致自闭症等阴谋论信念进行了探讨。最后，利用从网络饮食失调和消费者体验中学到的信息，讨论了一些关于对抗暴力极端主义的总结性思考，包括其在网络上的存在情况。
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