Drouineau H, Carter C, Rambonilaza M, Beaufaron G, Bouleau G, Gassiat A, Lambert P, le Floch S, Tétard S, de Oliveira E
Irstea, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 69336, Cestas Cedex, France.
Irstea, UR ETBX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 69336, Cestas Cedex, France.
Environ Manage. 2018 Apr;61(4):671-686. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0992-3. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
Ecosystem fragmentation is a serious threat to biodiversity and one of the main challenges in ecosystem restoration. River continuity restoration (RCR) has often targeted diadromous fishes, a group of species supporting strong cultural and economic values and especially sensitive to river fragmentation. Yet it has frequently produced mixed results and diadromous fishes remain at very low levels of abundance. Against this background, this paper presents the main challenges for defining, evaluating and achieving effective RCR. We first identify challenges specific to disciplines. In ecology, there is a need to develop quantitative and mechanistic models to support decision making, accounting for both direct and indirect impacts of river obstacles and working at the river catchment scale. In a context of dwindling abundances and reduced market value, cultural services provided by diadromous fishes are becoming increasingly prominent. Methods for carrying out economic quantification of non-market values of diadromous fishes become ever more urgent. Given current challenges for rivers to meet all needs sustainably, conflicts arise over the legitimate use of water resources for human purposes. Concepts and methods from political science and geography are needed to develop understandings on how the political work of public authorities and stakeholders can influence the legitimacy of restoration projects. Finally, the most exciting challenge is to combine disciplinary outcomes to achieve a multidisciplinary approach to RCR. Accordingly, the co-construction of intermediary objects and diagrams of flows of knowledge among disciplines can be first steps towards new frameworks supporting restoration design and planning.
生态系统破碎化是对生物多样性的严重威胁，也是生态系统恢复的主要挑战之一。河流连续性恢复（RCR）通常以洄游鱼类为目标，这是一类具有重要文化和经济价值且对河流破碎化特别敏感的物种。然而，其结果往往参差不齐，洄游鱼类的数量仍然非常少。在此背景下，本文提出了定义、评估和实现有效河流连续性恢复的主要挑战。我们首先确定各学科特有的挑战。在生态学方面，需要开发定量和机制模型以支持决策，同时考虑河流障碍物的直接和间接影响，并在河流集水区尺度上开展工作。在洄游鱼类数量不断减少和市场价值降低的背景下，洄游鱼类提供的文化服务正变得越来越突出。对洄游鱼类非市场价值进行经济量化的方法变得愈发迫切。鉴于当前河流可持续满足所有需求面临的挑战，在水资源用于人类目的的合法使用方面出现了冲突。需要运用政治学和地理学的概念与方法来加深对公共当局和利益相关者的政治工作如何影响恢复项目合法性的理解。最后，最令人兴奋的挑战是整合各学科成果，以实现对河流连续性恢复的多学科方法。因此，共同构建中介对象和各学科间的知识流图可以成为迈向支持恢复设计和规划的新框架的第一步。
