Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environments, Malayer University, Malayer, Hamadan, Iran.
Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Krakow, Poland.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2018 Sep;185(1):177-184. doi: 10.1007/s12011-017-1237-2. Epub 2018 Jan 13.
Miankaleh and Gomishan International Wetlands are important wintering areas for waterbirds in the Caspian Sea region. Previous studies revealed increased exposure to metals in some species of waterbirds using these wetlands. In this study, we examined concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in kidneys, liver, and pectoral muscle of wintering Gadwall (Anas strepera) and Common Teal (Anas crecca) collected in 2012. In addition, we measured concentrations of these elements in water and sediments from the collection sites. The genders differed in only one element/tissue combination, i.e., concentrations of Fe were greater in the livers of males. Concentrations of elements observed in Gadwall were generally higher than in Common Teal; only renal Cr and muscle Zn did not differ between species. Mean Cd concentrations in Gadwall exceeded background levels, reaching 1.94 μg/g ww in kidneys and 1.09 μg/g ww in liver. Similarly, Pb concentrations in Gadwall were also elevated (4.14 μg/g ww in kidneys, 3.22 μg/g ww in liver). Concentrations of other metals were within ranges commonly found in waterfowl. Concentrations of elements in the environment were elevated above background and comparable with the data obtained for this region by other scientists. However, these levels were deemed to not be great enough to pose an acute health risk to waterfowl. Given increased concentrations of some metals in duck tissues, further inquiry into the source of the exposure is needed for this area.
米亚坎莱赫和戈米山国际湿地是里海地区水鸟的重要越冬区。先前的研究表明，在使用这些湿地的一些水鸟物种中，金属暴露量增加。在这项研究中，我们检测了 2012 年在越冬的赤颈鸭（Anas strepera）和绿头鸭（Anas crecca）的肾脏、肝脏和胸肌中镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铁（Fe）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）的浓度。此外，我们还测量了采集点的水和沉积物中这些元素的浓度。只有一个元素/组织组合在性别上存在差异，即雄性肝脏中的 Fe 浓度更高。赤颈鸭中观察到的元素浓度普遍高于绿头鸭；只有肾脏 Cr 和肌肉 Zn 两种元素在两种物种之间没有差异。赤颈鸭肾脏中 Cd 的平均浓度超过了背景水平，达到 1.94μg/gww，肝脏中为 1.09μg/gww。同样，赤颈鸭肾脏中的 Pb 浓度也升高（4.14μg/gww，肝脏中为 3.22μg/gww）。其他金属的浓度在水禽中常见的浓度范围内。环境中元素的浓度高于背景水平，与该地区其他科学家获得的数据相当。然而，这些水平被认为不足以对水禽造成急性健康风险。鉴于鸭组织中某些金属浓度增加，需要进一步调查该地区的暴露源。
