Aloupi Maria, Karagianni Asimina, Kazantzidis Savas, Akriotis Triantaphyllos
Department of Environmental Studies, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece.
Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Forest Research Institute, Vassilika, 57006, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017 Feb;72(2):215-234. doi: 10.1007/s00244-016-0349-6. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
The concentrations of six heavy metals (cadmium [Cd], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], manganese [Mn], lead [Pb], and zinc [Zn]) were determined in liver and brain of nine species of waterfowl from the Evros Delta, one of the most important wetlands in Greece, to assess metal contamination and potential risk to waterfowl. Significant differences among species were found for hepatic Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn; the highest levels of all metals were found in liver of mute swans. Cd increased significantly with age in both organs of wigeon; some differences were also observed between males and females of the same species. Feeding habits were found to significantly affect hepatic Cr, Zn, and Cu concentrations with greater concentrations found in herbivorous than omnivorous species. Several significant positive correlations between metals were detected mainly in liver samples, which were attributable either to their association to metallothioneins or to common routes of exposure of waterfowl. Hepatic and cerebral concentrations of Cd and Pb correlated positively. Given the discrepancies in the thresholds or critical levels of metals in tissues of waterfowl, our survey showed that environmental exposure to increased levels of heavy metals may threaten, at least to some degree, the populations of waterfowl wintering in the Evros Delta. In a small percentage of birds, values indicative of severe adverse effects were determined. Swans that had been found dead showed some of the highest values, whereas accumulation levels did not follow a consistent pattern among the ducks examined.
为评估金属污染情况以及对水禽的潜在风险，对来自希腊最重要的湿地之一埃夫罗斯三角洲的9种水禽的肝脏和大脑中的6种重金属（镉[Cd]、铬[Cr]、铜[Cu]、锰[Mn]、铅[Pb]和锌[Zn]）浓度进行了测定。结果发现，不同物种的肝脏中铬、铜、铅和锌含量存在显著差异；所有金属含量最高的是疣鼻天鹅的肝脏。在野鸭的两个器官中，镉含量均随年龄显著增加；同一物种的雄性和雌性之间也观察到了一些差异。研究发现，食性对肝脏中铬、锌和铜的浓度有显著影响，草食性物种的这些金属浓度高于杂食性物种。主要在肝脏样本中检测到几种金属之间存在显著的正相关，这要么归因于它们与金属硫蛋白的结合，要么归因于水禽的共同暴露途径。肝脏和大脑中镉和铅的浓度呈正相关。鉴于水禽组织中金属的阈值或临界水平存在差异，我们的调查表明，环境中重金属水平的增加可能至少在一定程度上威胁到在埃夫罗斯三角洲越冬的水禽种群。在一小部分鸟类中，检测到了表明有严重不良反应的值。已发现死亡的天鹅显示出一些最高值，而在所检查的鸭子中，积累水平没有呈现出一致的模式。
