父亲与婴儿的抑郁与嬉戏：一项匹配设计比较研究。
Depression and playfulness in fathers and young infants: A matched design comparison study.
机构信息
Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK; Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
出版信息
J Affect Disord. 2018 Mar 15;229:364-370. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.107. Epub 2018 Jan 3.
BACKGROUND
Depression in fathers in the postnatal period is associated with an increased risk of some adverse child developmental outcomes. One possible mechanism for the familial transmission of risk is through the negative effects of depression on parenting and the parent-child relationship. So far, evidence indicates that depressed fathers tend to be more withdrawn in their early interactions. However, the interaction dimensions studied to date may not be able to detect and accurately classify unique features of father-infant play - including physically stimulating and highly rousing episodes of play. Hence, in this matched design comparison study, we set out to examine, for the first time, links between diagnosed paternal depression in the postnatal period and playfulness in father-infant interactions.
METHODS
Fathers and their infants were assessed when the infants were 3 months old. Paternal depression was diagnosed using a structured psychiatric interview. Currently depressed (n = 19) and non-depressed (n = 19) fathers were individually matched on age and education. Fathers were filmed playing with their children. Four dimensions were coded for paternal playfulness during free-play: physicality, playful excitation, tactile stimulation and active engagement.
RESULTS
Depressed fathers, compared to non-depressed fathers, engaged in fewer episodes of playful excitation (mean scores: 0.71 vs.2.53, p = 0.005), less gentle touch (mean time: 38.57 vs. 53.37, p = 0.015) and less active engagement (mean scores: 2.29 vs 3.24, p = 0.044). When controlling for infant fretfulness, the findings remained largely unchanged.
LIMITATIONS
The sample size was small and the sample was limited to mostly white, well-educated fathers.
CONCLUSIONS
Playful paternal behaviours as early as 3 months differ between fathers with and without depression. These changes may help in understanding children's risk in relation to paternal psychopathology and could be a target for future family interventions.
背景
父亲在产后期间的抑郁与一些不良儿童发育结果的风险增加有关。风险的家族传递的一个可能机制是通过抑郁对育儿和亲子关系的负面影响。到目前为止，有证据表明，抑郁的父亲在早期互动中往往更加退缩。然而，迄今为止研究的互动维度可能无法检测到并准确分类父亲-婴儿游戏的独特特征-包括身体刺激和高度唤起的游戏情节。因此，在这项匹配设计比较研究中，我们首次研究了产后期间被诊断为父亲抑郁与父亲-婴儿互动中的嬉戏性之间的联系。
方法
当婴儿 3 个月大时，对父亲及其婴儿进行评估。使用结构化精神病学访谈诊断父亲的抑郁。目前抑郁（n = 19）和非抑郁（n = 19）父亲按年龄和教育程度进行个体匹配。父亲与孩子一起玩耍。在自由玩耍期间，对父亲的嬉戏性进行了四个维度的编码：身体性、嬉戏兴奋、触觉刺激和积极参与。
结果
与非抑郁父亲相比，抑郁父亲参与的嬉戏兴奋事件较少（平均得分：0.71 对 2.53，p = 0.005），温柔触摸较少（平均时间：38.57 对 53.37，p = 0.015），积极参与较少（平均得分：2.29 对 3.24，p = 0.044）。当控制婴儿烦躁不安时，发现基本保持不变。
局限性
样本量小，样本仅限于大多数白人、受过良好教育的父亲。
结论
早在 3 个月时，具有和不具有抑郁的父亲的嬉戏父亲行为就有所不同。这些变化可能有助于理解儿童与父亲精神病理学相关的风险，并且可能成为未来家庭干预的目标。
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