Siew Jasmine, Iles Jane, Domoney Jill, Bristow Florence, Darwin Zoe J, Sethna Vaheshta
Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 5;11:596857. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.596857. eCollection 2020.
Father-infant interactions are important for optimal offspring outcomes. Moreover, paternal perinatal psychopathology is associated with psychological and developmental disturbances in the offspring, and this risk may increase when both parents are unwell. While, the father-offspring relationship is a plausible mechanism of risk transmission, there is presently no "gold standard" tool for assessing the father-offspring relationship. Therefore, we systematically searched and reviewed the application and performance of tools used to assess the father-offspring relationship from pregnancy to 24-months postnatal. Four electronic databases (including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Maternity and Infant Care Database, and CINAHL) were searched. Selected articles included evidence of father-offspring relationship assessment in relation to parental perinatal psychopathology and/or offspring outcomes. Data was extracted and synthesized according to the following: (i) evidence supporting the performance of tools in terms of their psychometric properties when applied in the context of fathers, (ii) tool specific characteristics, and (iii) study specific methodological aspects in which the tool was embedded. Of the 30,500 records eligible for screening, 38 unique tools used to assess the father-offspring relationship were identified, from 61 studies. Ten tools were employed in the context of paternal psychopathology, three in the context of maternal psychopathology, and seven in the context of both maternal and paternal psychopathology, while nine tools were applied in the context of offspring outcomes only. The remaining nine tools were used in the context of both parental psychopathology (i.e., paternal, and/or maternal psychopathology) and offspring outcomes. Evidence supporting the psychometric robustness of the extracted observational, self-report and interview-based tools was generally limited. Most tools were originally developed in maternal samples-with few tools demonstrating evidence of content validation specific to fathers. Furthermore, various elements influencing tool performance were recognized-including variation in tool characteristics (e.g., relationship dimensions assessed, assessment mode, and scoring formats) and study specific methodological aspects, (e.g., setting and study design, sample characteristics, timing and nature of parental psychopathology, and offspring outcomes). Given the strengths and limitations of each mode of assessment, future studies may benefit from a multimethod approach to assessing the father-offspring relationship, which may provide a more accurate assessment than one method alone.
母婴互动对于实现最佳的后代成长结果至关重要。此外，父亲围产期精神病理学与后代的心理和发育障碍有关，当父母双方都身体不适时，这种风险可能会增加。虽然父子关系是风险传递的一种可能机制，但目前尚无评估父子关系的“金标准”工具。因此，我们系统地检索并综述了从孕期到产后24个月用于评估父子关系的工具的应用和性能。我们检索了四个电子数据库（包括MEDLINE、PsycINFO、母婴护理数据库和护理学与健康领域数据库）。入选的文章包括与父母围产期精神病理学和/或后代成长结果相关的父子关系评估证据。数据根据以下方面进行提取和综合：（i）在父亲背景下应用时，支持工具在心理测量特性方面表现的证据；（ii）工具的具体特征；（iii）工具所嵌入的研究的具体方法学方面。在30500条符合筛选条件的记录中，从61项研究中识别出38种用于评估父子关系的独特工具。十种工具用于父亲精神病理学背景下，三种用于母亲精神病理学背景下，七种用于母亲和父亲精神病理学背景下，而九种工具仅用于后代成长结果背景下。其余九种工具用于父母精神病理学（即父亲和/或母亲精神病理学）和后代成长结果背景下。支持所提取的观察性、自我报告和访谈式工具心理测量稳健性的证据通常有限。大多数工具最初是在母亲样本中开发的，很少有工具显示出针对父亲的内容效度证据。此外，人们认识到影响工具性能的各种因素，包括工具特征的差异（例如评估的关系维度、评估模式和评分格式）以及研究的具体方法学方面（例如研究背景和研究设计、样本特征、父母精神病理学的时间和性质以及后代成长结果）。鉴于每种评估方式的优缺点，未来的研究可能会受益于采用多方法途径来评估父子关系，这可能比单一方法提供更准确的评估。
