施用玉米秸秆、污水污泥和生物炭制成的堆肥后沙质土壤中重金属的迁移性。
Mobility of heavy metals in sandy soil after application of composts produced from maize straw, sewage sludge and biochar.
机构信息
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
出版信息
J Environ Manage. 2018 Mar 15;210:87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.023. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
Studies on the availability of heavy metals in composted organic materials and in soil amended with these materials are of practical significance. They are used in the assessment of the purity of the soil environment and of the biological value of plants intended for human and animal consumption. Composting of organic materials has a significant effect on changes in mobile forms of heavy metals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of biochar and sewage sludge on (i) the contents of water soluble forms of Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn in composts; and (ii) the contents of mobile forms of these elements in sandy soil after the addition of composts. Addition of sewage sludge and biochar to maize straw did not increase the heavy metal forms extracted with water in total content of heavy metals. The content of Cd and Cu extracted with water in composts produced from maize straw and sewage sludge, and produced from maize straw, sewage sludge and biochar was higher than the one determined in compost produced from maize straw. The content of Pb and Zn extracted with water in compost produced from maize straw, sewage sludge and biochar was lower than in compost produced from maize straw. The addition of sewage sludge and biochar to maize straw had an immobilizing effect on mobile forms of the studied elements compared to compost produced from maize straw and sewage sludge. The addition of composts to soil decreased the contents of mobile forms of Cu, Cd, and Pb extracted with 1 M NHNO compared to the contents in the control soil. However, the content of Zn extracted with NHNO increased in treatments with 0.5% dose of compost produced from maize straw and sewage sludge and 0.5% dose of compost produced from maize straw, sewage sludge and biochar. In none of the analyzed cases, the application of the composts produced did not exceed the acceptable content of studied elements in the soil.
研究堆肥有机材料和添加这些材料的土壤中重金属的有效性具有实际意义。它们可用于评估土壤环境的纯度和供人类和动物食用的植物的生物价值。有机材料的堆肥对重金属的可移动形态有显著影响。因此，本研究的目的是确定添加生物炭和污水污泥对(i)堆肥中铜、镉、铅和锌的水溶性形态含量；以及 (ii)添加堆肥后沙质土壤中这些元素的可移动形态含量的影响。向玉米秸秆中添加污水污泥和生物炭并没有增加总重金属含量中用水提取的重金属形态。由玉米秸秆和污水污泥以及由玉米秸秆、污水污泥和生物炭制成的堆肥中用水提取的 Cd 和 Cu 的含量高于由玉米秸秆制成的堆肥中确定的含量。由玉米秸秆、污水污泥和生物炭制成的堆肥中用水提取的 Pb 和 Zn 的含量低于由玉米秸秆制成的堆肥。与由玉米秸秆和污水污泥制成的堆肥相比，向玉米秸秆中添加污水污泥和生物炭对研究元素的可移动形态具有固定作用。与对照土壤相比，向土壤中添加堆肥降低了用 1 M NHNO 提取的 Cu、Cd 和 Pb 的可移动形态含量。然而，在添加 0.5% 剂量的由玉米秸秆和污水污泥制成的堆肥和添加 0.5% 剂量的由玉米秸秆、污水污泥和生物炭制成的堆肥的处理中，用 NHNO 提取的 Zn 含量增加。在分析的所有情况下，应用所生产的堆肥都没有超过土壤中研究元素的可接受含量。
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