Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Sleep Health. 2018 Feb;4(1):81-86. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.10.012. Epub 2017 Dec 11.
To determine whether sleep patterns (duration, timing, efficiency) differ by ethnicity.
Longitudinal study.
Dunedin, New Zealand.
A total of 939 children (48% male) aged 4-12 years (572 European, 181 Māori, 111 Pacific, 75 Asian).
All measurements were obtained at months 0, 12, and 24. Anthropometry was obtained using standard techniques, and parents completed questionnaires assessing demographics, dietary intake, and television habits of children. Sleep and physical activity were measured using Actigraph accelerometers over 1 week. Differences in sleep outcomes according to ethnicity were adjusted for demographics, weight status, and behavioral variables using mixed models.
Pacific children had greater body mass index and were more likely to live in deprived areas than children from other ethnic groups (all P<.001), but few differences were observed in behavioral variables. Pacific Island children slept 16 (95% confidence interval, 7-25) minutes less per night than New Zealand European children, predominantly as a result of later bedtimes (29; 20-38 minutes). By contrast, sleep efficiency did not differ by ethnicity or over time (all P≥.118). Māori children did not show the same relative deficits in sleep, displaying similar results to European children. Sleep duration decreased by 8 minutes (95% confidence interval, 6-10) a night each year over 2 years, and change over time did not differ by ethnicity (all P≥.165).
From a young age, Pacific children had poorer sleep patterns than European children, and these patterns were maintained over 2 years.
确定不同种族的睡眠模式（持续时间、时间安排、效率）是否存在差异。
纵向研究。
新西兰达尼丁。
共有 939 名 4-12 岁的儿童（48%为男性），包括 572 名欧洲人、181 名毛利人、111 名太平洋岛民和 75 名亚洲人。
所有测量均在 0、12 和 24 个月时进行。使用标准技术进行人体测量，父母填写问卷评估儿童的人口统计学、饮食摄入和看电视习惯。使用 Actigraph 加速度计在一周内测量睡眠和身体活动。使用混合模型，根据种族调整了睡眠结果的差异，包括人口统计学、体重状况和行为变量。
太平洋岛民儿童的体重指数更高，且更有可能生活在贫困地区，这与其他族裔的儿童存在差异（均 P<.001），但在行为变量方面观察到的差异较小。太平洋岛民儿童每晚的睡眠时间比新西兰欧洲儿童少 16 分钟（95%置信区间，7-25 分钟），主要是由于晚睡（29 分钟；20-38 分钟）。相比之下，睡眠时间的效率在不同种族之间或随时间变化没有差异（均 P≥.118）。毛利儿童的睡眠不足程度与欧洲儿童相似，没有显示出同样的相对缺陷。在 2 年的时间里，睡眠时间每晚减少 8 分钟（95%置信区间，6-10 分钟），且随时间的变化在不同种族之间没有差异（均 P≥.165）。
从很小的时候起，太平洋岛民儿童的睡眠模式就比欧洲儿童差，且这些模式在 2 年内保持不变。
