1 Australian Catholic University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Melbourne, Australia.
2 Sydney Local Health District, Mental Health Research, Sydney Australia.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2019 Oct;20(4):549-559. doi: 10.1177/1524838017726424. Epub 2017 Aug 21.
Many forms of psychological trauma are known to develop interpersonally within important relationships, particularly familial. Within the varying theoretical constructs of psychological traumas, and distinct from the processes of diagnosis, there is a need to refine the scope and definitions of psychological traumas that occur within important familial relationships to ensure a cohesive evidence base and fidelity of the concept in application to practice. This review used a philosophical inquiry methodology of concept analysis to identify the definitions, antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of the varying conceptualizations of psychological trauma occurring within important relationships. Interactions between concepts of interpersonal trauma, relational trauma, betrayal trauma, attachment trauma, developmental trauma, complex trauma, cumulative trauma, and intergenerational trauma are presented. Understanding of the discrete forms and pathways of transmission of psychological trauma between individuals, including transgenerationally within families, creates opportunities for prevention and early intervention within trauma-focused practice. This review found that concepts of psychological trauma occurring within familial relationships are not exclusive of each other but overlap in their encompassment of events and circumstances as well as the effect on individuals of events in the short term and long term. These traumas develop and are transmitted in the space between people, both purposefully and incidentally, and have particularly profound effects when they involve a dependent infant or child. Linguistic and conceptual clarity is paramount for trauma research and practice.
许多形式的心理创伤已知在重要关系中（尤其是家庭关系中）人际间发展。在不同心理创伤的理论结构中，与诊断过程不同，需要细化在重要家庭关系中发生的心理创伤的范围和定义，以确保该概念在应用于实践时有连贯的证据基础和准确性。本综述采用哲学探究方法对概念分析，以确定在重要关系中发生的各种心理创伤概念的定义、前因、特征和后果。呈现了人际创伤、关系创伤、背叛创伤、依恋创伤、发展性创伤、复杂性创伤、累积性创伤和代际创伤等概念之间的相互作用。理解个体之间（包括家庭内代际之间）心理创伤的不同形式和传播途径，为创伤聚焦实践中的预防和早期干预创造了机会。本综述发现，在家庭关系中发生的心理创伤概念并非彼此排斥，而是在其对事件和情况的涵盖以及对个人短期和长期事件的影响方面存在重叠。这些创伤在人与人之间的空间中有意或无意地发展和传播，当涉及到依赖的婴儿或儿童时，会产生特别深远的影响。语言和概念的清晰对于创伤研究和实践至关重要。
