Dutton Jonathan J, Proia Alan D
Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill.
Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Jul/Aug;34(4):309-312. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000001031.
Seminomas are solid tumors in young men, but which rarely metastasize to the orbit. The authors review the known literature on seminoma metastatic to the orbit, and describe an additional case in a 33-year-old man.
A literature search was performed on the MEDLINE database using keywords "seminoma," "testicular germ-cell tumors," "testicular cancer," "testicular neoplasm," "orbital metastasis," and "germ-cell neoplasms."
Malignant neoplasms of the testis account for only 1% of cancers in men. None-the-less, testicular germ cell seminoma is the most common solid tumor found in young men between the ages of 15 and 39. Only seven previous cases have been mentioned in the literature. The pathogenesis remains unclear although genetic, environmental, and maternal factors may play a role. The number of cases is too few to determine the best treatment options, but surgical excision and adjunctive orbital radiotherapy appear to be most appropriate.
Although metastases to the orbit are rare, seminoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all young men with proptosis.
精原细胞瘤是年轻男性的实体瘤，但很少转移至眼眶。作者回顾了关于眼眶转移性精原细胞瘤的已知文献，并描述了1例33岁男性的病例。
在MEDLINE数据库中使用关键词“精原细胞瘤”“睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤”“睾丸癌”“睾丸肿瘤”“眼眶转移”和“生殖细胞肿瘤”进行文献检索。
睾丸恶性肿瘤仅占男性癌症的1%。尽管如此，睾丸生殖细胞精原细胞瘤是15至39岁年轻男性中最常见的实体瘤。文献中仅提及过7例先前病例。虽然遗传、环境和母体因素可能起作用，但其发病机制仍不清楚。病例数量太少，无法确定最佳治疗方案，但手术切除和辅助性眼眶放疗似乎最为合适。
尽管眼眶转移罕见，但在所有突眼的年轻男性的鉴别诊断中都应考虑精原细胞瘤。
