Gomes Lara Elena, Diogo Vera, Castro Flávio Antônio de Souza, Vilas-Boas João Paulo, Fernandes Ricardo J, Figueiredo Pedro
a Physical Education Collegiate , Federal University of Vale do São Francisco , Petrolina , Brazil.
b Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.
Sports Biomech. 2019 Aug;18(4):354-365. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2017.1409258. Epub 2018 Jan 16.
Synchronised swimming involves a variety of sculling movements essential for body support and propulsion but its study is scarce. We aimed to biomechanically compare standard and contra-standard sculling techniques, and to observe the relationship between measures. Six synchronised swimmers performed two, 30 s maximal intensity, fully tethered standard and contra-standard sculling motions. Kinetic and kinematic data were obtained using a load-cell and underwater cameras, respectively. Force decreased along both techniques' bouts, but no differences in-between techniques were noted for any kinetic variables. Standard sculling presented a higher cycle rate and a lower elbow mean angle than the contra-standard sculling (2.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.0 ± 0.2 cycles/s and 134.1 ± 5.8 and 141.5 ± 4.7°, < 0.05). In the standard sculling, by removing and maintaining the variation between participants ( and , respectively), the absolute mean force was directly related with cycle rate ( = 0.60) and wrist angular velocity during flexion ( = 0.82), while in the contra-standard condition the force was inversely associated with wrist mean angle ( = -0.95) and directly with hand speed ( = 0.76), and elbow angular velocity ( ≈ 0.60). Therefore, technique learning and training require different attention by coaches and swimmers.
花样游泳涉及多种划水动作，这些动作对于身体支撑和推进至关重要，但对其研究却很匮乏。我们旨在从生物力学角度比较标准划水技术和反标准划水技术，并观察各项测量指标之间的关系。六名花样游泳运动员进行了两次30秒的最大强度、完全系留的标准划水动作和反标准划水动作。分别使用测力传感器和水下摄像机获取动力学和运动学数据。两种技术的划水过程中力均下降，但在任何动力学变量方面，两种技术之间均未发现差异。标准划水的周期频率高于反标准划水，肘部平均角度低于反标准划水（2.4±0.3对2.0±0.2次/秒，以及134.1±5.8°和141.5±4.7°，<0.05）。在标准划水中，通过消除和保持参与者之间的差异（分别为和），绝对平均力与周期频率直接相关（=0.60），与屈曲时的手腕角速度直接相关（=0.82），而在反标准条件下，力与手腕平均角度呈负相关（=-0.95），与手速呈正相关（=0.76），与肘部角速度呈正相关（≈0.60）。因此，技术学习和训练需要教练和游泳运动员给予不同的关注。
