Ivert Anna-Karin, Andersson Frida, Svensson Robert, Pauwels Lieven J R, Torstensson Levander Marie
Department of Criminology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden.
Crim Behav Ment Health. 2018 Jun;28(3):282-294. doi: 10.1002/cbm.2065. Epub 2018 Jan 16.
There is a well-documented gender difference in offending, with evidence that boys, on average, are more involved in crime than girls. Opinions differ, however, on whether the causes of crime apply to girls and boys similarly.
Our aim is to explore crime propensity in boys and girls. Our research questions were (1) are there differences between boys and girls in moral values and self-control; (2) are these attributes similarly correlated with offending among girls and boys; and (3) is any interaction effect between morality and self-control identical for girls and boys.
Data were drawn from the Malmö Individual and Neighbourhood Development Study, which includes 481 girls and boys aged 16-17. An 8-item self-control scale was derived from Grasmick's self-control instrument; we created a 16-item morality scale. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in scale scores.
There were significant gender differences in moral values but not self-control. Moral values and self-control were significantly correlated with offending among both girls and boys. In the multiple regression analysis, the three-way interaction term used to test the interaction between gender, self-control and moral values was non-significant, indicating that the magnitude of the self-control-moral value interaction is not affected by gender.
Our findings indicate that effects of morality and self-control are general and apply to girls and boys similarly, so more research is needed to explain gender differences in crime prevalence. © 2018 The Authors Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
犯罪行为中存在有充分记录的性别差异，有证据表明，平均而言，男孩比女孩更多地参与犯罪活动。然而，对于犯罪原因是否同样适用于男孩和女孩，存在不同观点。
我们的目的是探究男孩和女孩的犯罪倾向。我们的研究问题是：（1）男孩和女孩在道德价值观和自我控制方面是否存在差异；（2）这些特质与男孩和女孩犯罪之间的相关性是否相似；（3）道德与自我控制之间的任何交互作用在女孩和男孩中是否相同。
数据来自马尔默个体与社区发展研究，该研究包括481名16 - 17岁的女孩和男孩。一个8项的自我控制量表源自格拉斯米克的自我控制工具；我们创建了一个16项的道德量表。方差分析用于检验量表得分的差异。
道德价值观存在显著的性别差异，但自我控制方面没有。道德价值观和自我控制与男孩和女孩的犯罪行为均显著相关。在多元回归分析中，用于检验性别、自我控制和道德价值观之间交互作用的三向交互项不显著，这表明自我控制 - 道德价值交互作用的程度不受性别的影响。
我们的研究结果表明，道德和自我控制的影响具有普遍性，同样适用于男孩和女孩，因此需要更多研究来解释犯罪率的性别差异。© 2018作者 犯罪行为与心理健康 由约翰·威利父子有限公司出版
