Janaviciene Sigita, Mankeviciene Audrone, Suproniene Skaidre, Kochiieru Yuliia, Keriene Ilona
a Institute of Agriculture of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry , Kėdainiai , Lithuania.
b Department of Environmental Research and Physics , Šiauliai University , Šiauliai , Lithuania.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2018 Jun;35(6):1179-1188. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1427893. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) together with two acetylated derivatives, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) occurs in cereal grains and their products. Co-occurrence of DON and acetylated derivatives in cereal grain is detected worldwide. Until now, DON and its derivatives have been considered equally toxic by health authorities. In this study, we analysed 103 samples of spring wheat grain, originating from the fields of different production systems in Lithuania, for the co-occurrence of type-B trichothecenes (DON, 3-ADON, 15-ADON). The samples were classified according to the production system-organic, sustainable and intensive. Mycotoxin levels in the spring wheat grain samples were determined by the HPLC method with UV detection. The type-B trichothecenes were found to be present at higher concentrations in the grain from the intensive production system. Eighty-one percent of the spring wheat grain samples from the intensive production system were co-contaminated with a combination of DON+3-ADON+15-ADON, 1% with DON+3-ADON. Additionally, DON+15-ADON and DON were found in 5% and 10% of the tested samples, respectively. Two percent of the samples were free from mycotoxins. In the grain samples from the sustainable production system, DON and a combination of DON+3-ADON showed a higher incidence - 47% and 23%, respectively. The samples with a combination of DON+3-ADON+15-ADON accounted for 18%. Completely different results were obtained from the analyses of organic grain samples. A large number of the organic spring wheat grain samples were contaminated with DON+3-ADON (55%) or DON (36%). The combination of DON+3-ADON+15-ADON was not present, while DON+15-ADON was present in 9% of the samples tested. The production systems did not lead to significant differences in mycotoxin levels, although a trend toward higher incidence and higher contamination was observed for the samples from the intensive and sustainable production systems.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）及其两种乙酰化衍生物，3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3-ADON）和15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（15-ADON）存在于谷物及其制品中。全球范围内均检测到谷物中同时存在DON及其乙酰化衍生物。到目前为止，卫生当局认为DON及其衍生物具有同等毒性。在本研究中，我们分析了103份源自立陶宛不同生产系统农田的春小麦籽粒样本，以检测B型单端孢霉烯族毒素（DON、3-ADON、15-ADON）的共存情况。样本根据生产系统分为有机、可持续和集约化三类。采用带紫外检测的高效液相色谱法测定春小麦籽粒样本中的霉菌毒素水平。结果发现，集约化生产系统的谷物中B型单端孢霉烯族毒素浓度较高。集约化生产系统的春小麦籽粒样本中，81%同时受到DON+3-ADON+15-ADON的污染，1%受到DON+3-ADON的污染。此外，分别有5%和10%的测试样本中发现了DON+15-ADON和DON。2%的样本未受霉菌毒素污染。在可持续生产系统的谷物样本中，DON以及DON+3-ADON的组合出现频率较高，分别为47%和23%。DON+3-ADON+15-ADON组合的样本占18%。对有机谷物样本的分析得出了完全不同的结果。大量有机春小麦籽粒样本受到DON+3-ADON（55%）或DON（36%）的污染。未发现DON+3-ADON+15-ADON的组合，而9%的测试样本中存在DON+15-ADON。尽管集约化和可持续生产系统的样本有霉菌毒素发生率更高和污染更严重的趋势，但生产系统并未导致霉菌毒素水平出现显著差异。
