Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Feb 1;11(2):88. doi: 10.3390/toxins11020088.
Cross-interaction of antibodies within the immunoaffinity columns used in this study facilitated the simultaneous determination of nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), their glucoside derivatives (NIV-3G, DON-3G), and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) in wheat grain harvested in various regions of Poland. In Poland, 2018 was a warm, dry agricultural season, and hence, was relatively less favourable for cereal cultivation than 2017. Data on the natural occurrence of NIV-3G in wheat grain are among the first published in the literature. DON was the most frequently found mycotoxin in the tested samples; the percentage occurrence of DON-positive samples was 92% in 2017 and 61% in 2018. Moreover, DON concentrations were generally higher in 2017 samples (5.2⁻1670.7 µg/kg) than those in 2018 samples (range 5.0⁻461.7 µg/kg). A similar pattern was found for DON-3G. However, no statistically significant differences between the samples from the two agricultural seasons were observed for the other three mycotoxins that were analysed, and their concentrations were generally considerably lower. DON was strongly correlated with DON-3G (correlation coefficient = 0.9558), while NIV was strongly correlated with NIV-3G ( = 0.9442). The percentage occurrence of NIV-3G- and DON-3G-positive samples was 14% in 2017 and 49% in 2018. The NIV-3G/NIV ratio was 5.9⁻35.7%, while the DON-3G/DON ratio range was 3.2⁻53.6%. In 2018, wheat samples from Southern Poland exhibited statistically significantly higher levels of DON than those from Northern Poland. The dry and hot summer of 2018 not only reduced wheat yields, but also limited development of spp. Therefore, grain harvested that year was generally contaminated with relatively low levels of mycotoxins. Lower levels of DON were also accompanied by lesser amounts of DON-derivatives.
本研究中免疫亲和柱内的抗体交叉作用有助于同时测定波兰不同地区收获的小麦粒中的伏马菌素（NIV）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、其葡糖苷衍生物（NIV-3G、DON-3G）和 3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3-AcDON）。在波兰，2018 年是一个温暖干燥的农业季节，因此，相对于 2017 年，对谷物种植相对不利。关于小麦粒中 NIV-3G 的自然发生数据是文献中首次发表的。在测试的样品中，DON 是最常发现的霉菌毒素；2017 年 DON 阳性样品的出现率为 92%，2018 年为 61%。此外，2017 年样品中的 DON 浓度通常高于 2018 年样品（范围 5.2⁻1670.7 µg/kg）。DON-3G 也存在类似的模式。然而，在两个农业季节的样品之间，没有观察到其他三种分析的霉菌毒素存在统计学上的显著差异，并且它们的浓度通常要低得多。DON 与 DON-3G 呈强相关性（相关系数 = 0.9558），而 NIV 与 NIV-3G 呈强相关性（ = 0.9442）。2017 年 NIV-3G 和 DON-3G 阳性样品的出现率为 14%，2018 年为 49%。NIV-3G/NIV 的比值为 5.9⁻35.7%，而 DON-3G/DON 的比值范围为 3.2⁻53.6%。2018 年，波兰南部小麦样品中的 DON 含量明显高于波兰北部的小麦样品。2018 年干燥炎热的夏季不仅降低了小麦的产量，还限制了 spp.的生长。因此，当年收获的谷物普遍受到相对低水平霉菌毒素的污染。DON 水平较低还伴随着 DON 衍生物的数量减少。
