Paolillo Mayra, Boselli Cinzia, Schinelli Sergio
Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2018 Jan 16;8(1):15. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8010015.
Glioblastoma is known to be one of the most lethal and untreatable human tumors. Surgery and radiotherapy in combination with classical alkylating agents such as temozolomide offer little hope to escape a poor prognosis. For these reasons, enormous efforts are currently devoted to refine in vivo and in vitro models with the specific goal of finding new molecular aberrant pathways, suitable to be targeted by a variety of therapeutic approaches, including novel pharmaceutical formulations and immunotherapy strategies. In this review, we will first discuss current molecular classification based on genomic and transcriptomic criteria. Also, the state of the art in current clinical practice for glioblastoma therapy in the light of the recent molecular classification, together with ongoing phases II and III clinical trials, will be described. Finally, new pharmaceutical formulations such as nanoparticles and viral vectors, together with new strategies entailing the use of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and immunotherapy agents, such as checkpoint inhibitors, will also be discussed.
胶质母细胞瘤是已知最致命且难以治疗的人类肿瘤之一。手术、放疗以及与替莫唑胺等经典烷化剂联合使用，对于摆脱不良预后几乎没有希望。基于这些原因，目前人们投入了巨大努力来完善体内和体外模型，其具体目标是找到新的分子异常途径，这些途径适合被包括新型药物制剂和免疫治疗策略在内的多种治疗方法所靶向。在这篇综述中，我们将首先讨论基于基因组和转录组标准的当前分子分类。此外，还将描述根据最近的分子分类，胶质母细胞瘤治疗当前临床实践的现状，以及正在进行的II期和III期临床试验。最后，还将讨论纳米颗粒和病毒载体等新型药物制剂，以及涉及使用单克隆抗体、疫苗和免疫治疗药物（如检查点抑制剂）的新策略。
