Premakumar Y, Griffin M F, Szarko M
Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
BMC Res Notes. 2018 Jan 16;11(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3123-1.
Details regarding tracheal anatomy are currently lacking, with existing literature focussing mainly on the cricoid-tracheal region or the carina. External gross anatomy and internal morphology throughout the entire trachea is important for normal physiological functioning and various clinical applications such as designs for tracheal implants or endotracheal devices.
To determine quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gross tracheal and individual tracheal ring anatomy.
10 tracheas were harvested from formaldehyde-fixed cadavers. Tracheal length, height and inter-ring distance were measured from complete tracheas. Individual rings were excised and the following measurements were taken at three points on the ring: thickness, width, and antero-posterior (A-P) length.
The average tracheal length was 10.38 ± 0.85 cm with a mean of 19 ± 3 rings per trachea. The average width and A-P diameter of tracheal lumens were 17.31 ± 2.57 and 17.27 ± 2.56 mm, with a width-AP ratio of 1.00 ('C' shaped ring). The A-P diameter shows a trend of narrowing slightly from the upper 1/3 to the lower 1/3 of the trachea. While majority of tracheal rings consisted of the expected 'C' shape, more than 41% of the 147 counted rings consisted of abnormally shaped rings which were further analysed.
This study provides further details regarding tracheal anatomy which will be useful for implant design. Of interest for anatomists, is the marked variability in tracheal ring morphology which could be further characterised in larger studies.
目前缺乏有关气管解剖结构的详细信息，现有文献主要集中在环状软骨-气管区域或隆突。整个气管的外部大体解剖结构和内部形态对于正常生理功能以及各种临床应用（如气管植入物或气管内装置的设计）都很重要。
确定气管大体解剖结构和单个气管环解剖结构的定量和定性特征。
从甲醛固定的尸体上获取10个气管。从完整的气管测量气管长度、高度和环间距。切除单个气管环，并在环上的三个点进行以下测量：厚度、宽度和前后径。
气管平均长度为10.38±0.85厘米，每个气管平均有19±3个环。气管腔的平均宽度和前后径分别为17.31±2.57毫米和17.27±2.56毫米，宽径比为1.00（“C”形环）。前后径从气管上1/3到下1/3呈略有变窄的趋势。虽然大多数气管环呈预期的“C”形，但在计数的147个环中，超过41%由形状异常的环组成，并对其进行了进一步分析。
本研究提供了有关气管解剖结构的更多详细信息，这将有助于植入物设计。对于解剖学家来说，有趣的是气管环形态存在明显的变异性，这可以在更大规模的研究中进一步表征。
