Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Apr;141(4):1310-1319. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.045. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
Perturbations of the infant gut microbiota can shape development of the immune system and link to the risk of allergic diseases.
We sought to understand the role of the gut microbiome in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). The metagenome of the infant gut microbiome was analyzed according to feeding types.
Composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed in fecal samples from 129 infants (6 months old) by using pyrosequencing, including 66 healthy infants and 63 infants with AD. The functional profile of the gut microbiome was analyzed by means of whole-metagenome sequencing (20 control subjects and 20 patients with AD). In addition, the total number of bacteria in the feces was determined by using real-time PCR.
The gut microbiome of 6-month-old infants was different based on feeding types, and 2 microbiota groups (Bifidobacterium species-dominated and Escherichia/Veillonella species-dominated groups) were found in breast-fed and mixed-fed infants. Bacterial cell amounts in the feces were lower in infants with AD than in control infants. Although no specific taxa directly correlated with AD in 16S rRNA gene results, whole-metagenome analysis revealed differences in functional genes related to immune development. The reduction in genes for oxidative phosphorylation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling, estrogen signaling, nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor signaling, and antigen processing and presentation induced by reduced colonization of mucin-degrading bacteria (Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium 2_1_58FAA) was significantly associated with stunted immune development in the AD group compared with the control group (P < .05).
Alterations in the gut microbiome can be associated with AD because of different bacterial genes that can modulate host immune cell function.
婴儿肠道微生物群的紊乱会影响免疫系统的发育，并与过敏疾病的风险相关。
我们旨在了解肠道微生物群在特应性皮炎（AD）患者中的作用。根据喂养类型分析婴儿肠道微生物群的宏基因组。
通过焦磷酸测序分析 129 名（6 个月龄）婴儿粪便样本中的肠道微生物群落组成，包括 66 名健康婴儿和 63 名 AD 婴儿。通过全宏基因组测序（20 名对照和 20 名 AD 患者）分析肠道微生物群的功能谱。此外，通过实时 PCR 确定粪便中细菌的总数。
6 个月龄婴儿的肠道微生物群根据喂养类型而不同，在母乳喂养和混合喂养的婴儿中发现了 2 种微生物群（双歧杆菌为主和大肠埃希菌/魏氏菌为主群）。AD 婴儿粪便中的细菌数量低于对照婴儿。尽管 16S rRNA 基因结果中没有与 AD 直接相关的特定分类群，但全宏基因组分析显示与免疫发育相关的功能基因存在差异。氧化磷酸化、磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶-Akt 信号、雌激素信号、核苷酸结合域样受体信号和抗原加工和呈递的基因减少，这是由于黏蛋白降解菌（阿克曼氏菌属、罗氏菌属和毛螺菌科细菌 2_1_58FAA）定植减少，与 AD 组相比，对照组的免疫发育受到抑制（P <.05）。
由于不同的细菌基因可以调节宿主免疫细胞的功能，肠道微生物群的改变可能与 AD 相关。
