School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Lab Invest. 2018 May;98(5):602-608. doi: 10.1038/s41374-017-0012-5. Epub 2018 Jan 16.
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs/NDK/NME) are a multifunctional class of proteins conserved throughout evolution. Whilst many of the functions of NDPKs have been identified as intracellular, extracellular eukaryotic and prokaryotic NDPK proteins are also detected in multiple systems and have been implicated in both normal physiology and disease. This review provides an overview of where the field stands on our developing understanding of how NDPK proteins get out of cells, the physiological role of extracellular NDPKs, and how extracellular NDPKs may signal to cells. We will also discuss some of the unanswered questions, the 'known-unknowns' that particularly warrant further investigation.
核苷二磷酸激酶（NDPKs/NDK/NME）是一类在进化过程中广泛保守的多功能蛋白。尽管已经确定了许多 NDPKs 的功能是在细胞内，但也在多个系统中检测到了细胞外真核和原核 NDPK 蛋白，并与正常生理和疾病有关。
这篇综述概述了我们对 NDPK 蛋白如何离开细胞的理解的发展，细胞外 NDPKs 的生理作用，以及细胞外 NDPKs 如何向细胞发出信号。我们还将讨论一些尚未解决的问题，即特别需要进一步研究的“已知未知”。
