Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 May;28(5):1523-1531. doi: 10.1111/sms.13058. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-impact physical exercise as a prophylactic and therapeutic means in osteopenic bones of rats submitted to ovariectomy and protein diet intake. A total of 64 Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 8 each), being: OVX, ovx, standard diet and sedentary; OVXE, ovx, standard diet and jump; OVXP, ovx, high-protein diet and sedentary; and OVXEP, ovx, high-protein diet and jump; SH, sham, standard diet and sedentary; SHE, sham, standard diet and jump; SHP, sham, high-protein diet and sedentary; and SHEP, sham, high-protein diet and jump. OVX surgery consists of ovariectomy, and sham was the control surgery. The jumping protocol consisted of 20 jumps/day, 5 days/week. The bone structure was evaluated by densitometry, mechanical tests, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. A high-protein diet resulted in increased bone mineral density (P = .049), but decreased maximal load (P = .026) and bone volume fraction (P = .023). The benefits of physical exercise were demonstrated by higher values of the maximal load in the trained groups compared to the sedentary groups (P < .001). The sham groups had decreased immunostaining of osteocalcin (P = .004) and osteopontin (P = .010) compared to ovx groups. However, the high-protein diet (P = .005) and jump exercise (P = .017) resulted in lower immunostaining of osteopontin compared to the standard diet and sedentary groups, respectively. In this experimental model, it was concluded that ovariectomy and a high-fat diet can negatively affect bone tissue and the high-impact exercise was not enough to suppress the deleterious effects caused by the protein diet and ovariectomy.
本研究旨在评估高强度身体运动作为预防和治疗去卵巢和摄入高蛋白饮食大鼠骨质疏松骨的手段的效果。总共 64 只 Wistar 大鼠被分为 8 组（每组 8 只），分别为：OVX（去卵巢）、ovx（去卵巢，标准饮食，安静）、OVXE（去卵巢，标准饮食，跳跃）、OVXP（去卵巢，高蛋白饮食，安静）和 OVXEP（去卵巢，高蛋白饮食，跳跃）、SH（假手术，标准饮食，安静）、SHE（假手术，标准饮食，跳跃）、SHP（假手术，高蛋白饮食，安静）和 SHEP（假手术，高蛋白饮食，跳跃）。OVX 手术包括卵巢切除术，假手术是对照手术。跳跃方案包括每天 20 次跳跃，每周 5 天。通过骨密度仪、力学试验、组织形态计量学和免疫组织化学分析评估骨结构。高蛋白饮食导致骨矿物质密度增加（P=.049），但最大负荷降低（P=.026）和骨体积分数降低（P=.023）。与安静组相比，运动组的最大负荷值较高，证明了身体运动的益处（P<.001）。与去卵巢组相比，假手术组的骨钙素（P=.004）和骨桥蛋白（P=.010）免疫染色减少。然而，与标准饮食和安静组相比，高蛋白饮食（P=.005）和跳跃运动（P=.017）导致骨桥蛋白的免疫染色减少。在这个实验模型中，我们得出结论，去卵巢和高脂肪饮食会对骨组织产生负面影响，而高强度运动不足以抑制高蛋白饮食和去卵巢引起的有害影响。
