Sova Christopher C, Roberts John E
University at Buffalo, State University of New York, United States.
University at Buffalo, State University of New York, United States.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;59:115-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.01.002. Epub 2018 Jan 5.
The cognitive catalyst model posits that rumination and negative cognitive content, such as negative schema, interact to predict depressive affect. Past research has found support for this model using explicit measures of negative cognitive content such as self-report measures of trait self-esteem and dysfunctional attitudes. The present study tested whether these findings would extend to implicit measures of negative cognitive content such as implicit self-esteem, and whether effects would depend on initial mood state and history of depression.
Sixty-one undergraduate students selected on the basis of depression history (27 previously depressed; 34 never depressed) completed explicit and implicit measures of negative cognitive content prior to random assignment to a rumination induction followed by a distraction induction or vice versa. Dysphoric affect was measured both before and after these inductions.
Analyses revealed that explicit measures, but not implicit measures, interacted with rumination to predict change in dysphoric affect, and these interactions were further moderated by baseline levels of dysphoria.
Limitations include the small nonclinical sample and use of a self-report measure of depression history.
These findings suggest that rumination amplifies the association between explicit negative cognitive content and depressive affect primarily among people who are already experiencing sad mood.
认知催化模型认为，沉思与消极认知内容（如消极图式）相互作用，可预测抑郁情绪。过去的研究通过使用消极认知内容的显性测量方法（如特质自尊和功能失调态度的自我报告测量），为该模型提供了支持。本研究测试了这些发现是否适用于消极认知内容的隐性测量方法（如隐性自尊），以及这些效应是否取决于初始情绪状态和抑郁史。
根据抑郁史选取61名本科生（27名曾患抑郁症；34名从未患过抑郁症），在随机分配到沉思诱导组，随后是分心诱导组，或反之之前，完成消极认知内容的显性和隐性测量。在这些诱导前后测量烦躁情绪。
分析表明，显性测量而非隐性测量与沉思相互作用，以预测烦躁情绪的变化，并且这些相互作用进一步受到烦躁情绪基线水平的调节。
局限性包括样本量小且非临床，以及使用了抑郁史的自我报告测量方法。
这些发现表明，沉思主要在已经处于悲伤情绪的人群中，放大了显性消极认知内容与抑郁情绪之间的关联。
