van Tuijl Lonneke A, Verwoerd Johan R L, de Jong Peter J
Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2018 Sep;60:104-110. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.02.003. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
Implicit self-esteem (ISE) refers to the valence of triggered associations when the self is activated. Despite theories, previous studies often fail to observe low ISE in depression and anxiety. It is feasible that sad mood is required to activate dysfunctional self-associations. The present study tested the following hypotheses: i) ISE is lower following a sad mood induction (SMI); ii) the relationship between ISE and level of depression/anxiety symptoms is relatively strong when ISE is measured during sad mood; iii) individuals with higher levels of depression/anxiety symptoms will show a relatively large decrease in ISE following a SMI.
In this mixed-designed study, university students completed the self-esteem implicit association test (IAT) either at baseline (control condition; n = 46) or following a SMI (experimental condition; n = 49). To test the third hypothesis, a SMI and IAT were also given in the control condition. Both conditions completed self-report measures of explicit self-esteem (ESE), and symptoms of depression and anxiety.
There was no support for the first two hypotheses, but some support that symptoms of anxiety correlated with larger decreases in ISE following a SMI which partly supported the third hypothesis. This disappeared when controlling for multiple testing.
Results are limited to non-clinical participants.
While ISE was robust against increases in sad mood, there was some tentative support that symptoms of anxiety were related to larger decreases in ISE following a SMI.
内隐自尊（ISE）是指自我被激活时所引发联想的效价。尽管有相关理论，但以往研究往往未能在抑郁和焦虑状态下观察到低水平的内隐自尊。激活功能失调的自我联想可能需要悲伤情绪。本研究检验了以下假设：i）悲伤情绪诱导（SMI）后内隐自尊水平降低；ii）当在悲伤情绪期间测量内隐自尊时，内隐自尊与抑郁/焦虑症状水平之间的关系相对较强；iii）抑郁/焦虑症状水平较高的个体在悲伤情绪诱导后内隐自尊的下降幅度相对较大。
在这项混合设计研究中，大学生在基线时（对照条件；n = 46）或悲伤情绪诱导后（实验条件；n = 49）完成自尊内隐联想测验（IAT）。为检验第三个假设，在对照条件下也进行了悲伤情绪诱导和内隐联想测验。两种条件下的参与者都完成了外显自尊（ESE）的自我报告测量以及抑郁和焦虑症状的测量。
前两个假设未得到支持，但有一些证据表明焦虑症状与悲伤情绪诱导后内隐自尊的较大下降相关，这部分支持了第三个假设。在控制多重检验后，这种相关性消失了。
研究结果仅限于非临床参与者。
虽然内隐自尊对悲伤情绪的增加具有较强的抵抗力，但有一些初步证据表明，焦虑症状与悲伤情绪诱导后内隐自尊的较大下降有关。
