Čecho Róbert, Baška Tibor, Švihrová Viera, Hudečková Henrieta
Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2017 Dec;25(4):261-265. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5019.
Cannabis control legislation ranks among key measures to prevent social-health impacts of its use. The article qualitatively analyses respective legislation in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary (Visegrad Four, V4) considering level of decriminalisation of cannabis use in relation to current epidemiological situation.
Qualitative analysis of the cannabis control legislation in V4 countries from 1995 to 2016 focusing on criminal liability, differentiation of cannabis from other illicit substances, definition of a small amount intended for personal use, sentences for possessing and dealership of the drug. Results: Slovakia, Hungary and Poland share similar restrictive legislative approach throughout the studied period. In the Czech Republic, the situation has been different and since 2010 cannabis has been further decriminalised: possession of defined small amount of drug not being under prosecution and milder sentences for cannabis than for other illicit psychoactive substances.
Slovakia, Hungary and Poland share similar restrictive legislative approach throughout the studied period. In the Czech Republic, the situation has been different and since 2010 cannabis has been further decriminalised: possession of defined small amount of drug not being under prosecution and milder sentences for cannabis than for other illicit psychoactive substances.
Although the prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents is the highest in the Czech Republic, partial decriminalisation did not show further increase. Slovakia, Hungary and Poland show different trends in epidemiological situation despite of similar legislative approach. Results indicate that beside legislation other social factors play a role and measures to change attitudes and decrease social tolerance are important.
大麻管制立法是预防其使用所产生的社会健康影响的关键措施之一。本文定性分析了捷克共和国、波兰、斯洛伐克和匈牙利（维谢格拉德集团四国，简称V4）的相关立法，考量了大麻使用的非刑罪化程度与当前流行病学状况的关系。
对1995年至2016年V4国家的大麻管制立法进行定性分析，重点关注刑事责任、大麻与其他非法物质的区分、个人使用的少量大麻的定义、持有和贩卖毒品的量刑。结果：在整个研究期间，斯洛伐克、匈牙利和波兰采取了类似的限制性立法方式。在捷克共和国，情况有所不同，自2010年以来大麻进一步非刑罪化：持有规定数量的毒品不被起诉，且对大麻的量刑比对其他非法精神活性物质的量刑更轻。
在整个研究期间，斯洛伐克、匈牙利和波兰采取了类似的限制性立法方式。在捷克共和国，情况有所不同，自2010年以来大麻进一步非刑罪化：持有规定数量的毒品不被起诉，且对大麻的量刑比对其他非法精神活性物质的量刑更轻。
尽管捷克共和国青少年中大麻使用率最高，但部分非刑罪化并未导致使用率进一步上升。斯洛伐克、匈牙利和波兰尽管立法方式相似，但流行病学状况呈现不同趋势。结果表明，除了立法之外，其他社会因素也发挥作用，改变态度和降低社会容忍度的措施很重要。
