Valachovičová Martina, Príbojová Jana, Urbánek Vladimír, Bírošová Lucia
Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2017 Dec;25(4):299-302. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a4529.
Besides genetic factors there are environmental effects including nutritional habits which can influence the risk of age-related diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the age dependence of selected cardiovascular risk markers in two groups of subjects with different nutritional pattern.
In 470 long-term vegetarians and 478 subjects of general population the following indicators were measured: total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, insulin concentrations, LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index and insulin resistance IR(HOMA) were also calculated in studied subjects. Obtained data were evaluated according to age decades.
Vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, insulin, and values of atherogenic index and IR(HOMA) were significantly reduced in all age decades. Vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian triacalglycerol concentrations were significantly reduced from 4th–7th decade. Vegetarian average decade values of all lipid parameters were in reference range. In non-vegetarian group, the risk average values of total cholesterol (>5.2 mmol/l) were found from 5th–7th decade, LDL-cholesterol (>3.3 mmol/l) in 7th decade and atherogenic index (>4) in 6th–7th decade. In vegetarians vs. non-vegetarians were noted the average decade values for total cholesterol ranging from 4.01–4.59 vs. 4.48–5.67 mmol/l, for triacylglycerols 1.00–1.33 vs. 1.13–1.74 mmol/l, for LDL-cholesterol 2.03–2.58 vs. 2.43–3.49 mmol/l, for atherogenic index 2.72–3.31 vs. 3.05–4.21 and for IR(HOMA) 0.99–1.15 vs. 1.15–1.84.
Our data show significantly reduced mean age decade values of lipid and non-lipid cardiovascular risk markers in all adult vegetarians. Smaller changes of markers between decades compared to non-vegetarians document a protective effect of vegetarian nutrition in prevention of cardiovascular disease.
除遗传因素外，环境因素包括饮食习惯等也会影响与年龄相关疾病的风险。本研究旨在评估两组营养模式不同的受试者中所选心血管风险标志物与年龄的相关性。
对470名长期素食者和478名普通人群受试者测量了以下指标：总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖、胰岛素浓度，还计算了研究对象的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、致动脉粥样硬化指数和胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。根据年龄十年段对获得的数据进行评估。
在所有年龄十年段中，素食者与非素食者相比，总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素的浓度以及致动脉粥样硬化指数和胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）的值均显著降低。从第4个十年段到第7个十年段，素食者与非素食者相比甘油三酯浓度显著降低。素食者所有血脂参数的平均十年段值均在参考范围内。在非素食组中，总胆固醇（>5.2 mmol/L）的风险平均值从第5个十年段到第7个十年段出现，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（>3.3 mmol/L）在第7个十年段出现，致动脉粥样硬化指数（>4）在第6个十年段到第7个十年段出现。素食者与非素食者相比，总胆固醇的平均十年段值为4.01 - 4.59 mmol/L 对比4.48 - 5.67 mmol/L，甘油三酯为1.00 - 1.33 mmol/L对比1.13 - 1.74 mmol/L，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇为2.03 - 2.58 mmol/L对比2.43 - 3.49 mmol/L，致动脉粥样硬化指数为2.72 - 3.31对比3.05 - 4.21，胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）为0.99 - 1.15对比1.15 - 1.84。
我们的数据显示，所有成年素食者的脂质和非脂质心血管风险标志物的平均十年段值显著降低。与非素食者相比，十年段间标志物变化较小，证明素食营养对预防心血管疾病有保护作用。
