Bernhardt Victoria, Bálint Miklós, Verhoff Marcel A, Amendt Jens
Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe-University, Kennedyallee 104, D-60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, FB Biowissenschaften, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2018 Mar;14(1):76-84. doi: 10.1007/s12024-018-9947-0. Epub 2018 Jan 18.
In forensic entomology, many studies analyze fly activity and succession on dead bodies by using pig cadavers and a variety of small baited traps. Data on real human bodies are very rare. To address this shortcoming, we analyzed the fly fauna of 51 human bodies in Germany. Sex, age, place of discovery, and presumed time of death were noted. Larvae were sampled during autopsy according to body region or tissue. For every infested region, the total number of fly larvae were estimated and classified into categories of 1-10, 11-50, and 50+. All samples were identified to the species level. Besides a descriptive analysis of their occurrence patterns, a categorical PCA was performed, and multispecies generalized linear models and a latent variable model were run. Our results highlight the most forensically important blow flies on human bodies in Central Europe (Lucilia sericata, L. ampullacea, Phormia regina, Calliphora vicina); prove, for the first time, the general transferability of species lists based on succession studies on pig cadavers; recommend a certain set of species, such as the so-far neglected L. ampullacea, for future developmental studies; and reveal competitive occurrence of up to six species on the same body as a potential factor of influence. Assignment to a certain body region was often possible and our data clearly indicate certain tissues, e.g. brain, as of high interest for future developmental studies. Focusing on real scenario settings helps direct research to forensically relevant questions and appraises the plausibility of vital laboratory studies.
在法医昆虫学中，许多研究通过使用猪尸体和各种带诱饵的小陷阱来分析苍蝇在尸体上的活动和演替情况。关于真实人体的相关数据非常稀少。为了弥补这一不足，我们分析了德国51具人体上的蝇类区系。记录了死者的性别、年龄、发现地点以及推测的死亡时间。在尸检过程中，根据身体部位或组织对幼虫进行采样。对于每个受侵染的区域，估计蝇幼虫的总数，并将其分为1 - 10、11 - 50和50以上三个类别。所有样本都鉴定到物种水平。除了对其出现模式进行描述性分析外，还进行了分类主成分分析，并运行了多物种广义线性模型和潜在变量模型。我们的研究结果突出了中欧人体上法医意义最为重大的几种丽蝇（丝光绿蝇、壶腹绿蝇、红头丽蝇、反吐丽蝇）；首次证明了基于猪尸体演替研究的物种列表具有普遍的可转移性；推荐了一组特定的物种，如迄今被忽视的壶腹绿蝇，用于未来的发育研究；并揭示了同一尸体上多达六种物种的竞争出现是一个潜在的影响因素。通常可以将其归为特定的身体区域，我们的数据清楚地表明某些组织，如大脑，对未来的发育研究具有很高的价值。关注实际场景设置有助于将研究导向法医相关问题，并评估重要实验室研究的合理性。
