Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Scholar, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India.
, No. 5, Deyvanai Nagar, Thiruppalaithurai, Papanasam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 614205, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Apr;25(10):9523-9538. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-1241-x. Epub 2018 Jan 21.
This paper aims to analyse the characteristics and properties of the fractions obtained from slow pyrolysis of non-edible seed cake of Calophyllum inophyllum (CI). The gas, bio-oil and biochar obtained from the pyrolysis carried out at 500 °C in a fixed bed batch type reactor at a heating rate of 30 °C/min were characterized by various analytical techniques. Owing to the high volatile content of CI biomass (72.61%), it was selected as the raw material in this present investigation. GC-MS and FT-IR analysis of bio-oil showed the presence of higher amount of oxygenated compounds, phenol derivatives, esters, acid and furans. The physicochemical properties of the bio-oil were tested as per ASTM norms which imply that bio-oil is a highly viscous liquid with lower heating value as compared to that of diesel fuel. The chemical composition of evolved gas was analysed by using GC testing which revealed the presence of combustible components. The FT-IR characterization of biochar showed the presence of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons whereas the elevated amount of carbon in biochar indicates its potential to be used as solid fuel. The performance and emission characteristics of CI engine were assessed with different CI bio-oil blends and compared with baseline diesel fuel. The results showed that addition of bio-oil leads to decreased brake thermal efficiency and increased brake specific energy consumption. Meanwhile, increase in blend ratio reduces harmful pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen and smoke in the exhaust. From the engine testing, it is suggested to employ 20% of CI bio-oil blends in CI engine to obtain better operation.
本文旨在分析从非食用种子饼的慢速热解中获得的馏分的特性和性质。在 30°C/min 的加热速率下，在固定床间歇式反应器中于 500°C 进行热解时，所获得的气体、生物油和生物炭通过各种分析技术进行了表征。由于 CI 生物质（72.61%）的挥发性含量较高，因此选择其作为本研究的原料。生物油的 GC-MS 和 FT-IR 分析表明，存在更多的含氧化合物、苯酚衍生物、酯类、酸和呋喃。生物油的物理化学性质按照 ASTM 标准进行了测试，这表明生物油是一种具有较低热值的高度粘性液体，与柴油燃料相比。通过 GC 测试分析了演化气体的化学成分，结果表明存在可燃成分。生物炭的 FT-IR 表征表明存在脂肪族和芳香族烃，而生物炭中碳的含量较高表明其有潜力用作固体燃料。使用不同的 CI 生物油混合物评估了 CI 发动机的性能和排放特性，并与基线柴油燃料进行了比较。结果表明，生物油的添加会导致制动热效率降低和制动比能消耗增加。同时，混合比的增加会减少废气中的氮氧化物和烟尘等有害物质。从发动机测试来看，建议在 CI 发动机中使用 20%的 CI 生物油混合物以获得更好的运行效果。
