Center for Energy Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Industrial & Production, Marine and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, BCMC College of Engineering & Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Aug;24(22):18479-18493. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9333-6. Epub 2017 Jun 23.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the polymethyl acrylate (PMA) additive on the formation of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NO) emission from a diesel coconut and/or Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel-fueled engine. The physicochemical properties of 20% of coconut and/or C. inophyllum biodiesel-diesel blend (B20), 0.03 wt% of PMA with B20 (B20P), and diesel fuel were measured and compared to ASTM D6751, D7467, and EN 14214 standard. The test results showed that the addition of PMA additive with B20 significantly improves the cold-flow properties such as pour point (PP), cloud point (CP), and cold filter plugging point (CFPP). The addition of PMA additives reduced the engine's brake-specific energy consumption of all tested fuels. Engine emission results showed that the additive-added fuel reduce PM concentration than B20 and diesel, whereas the PM size and NO emission both increased than B20 fuel and baseline diesel fuel. Also, the effect of adding PMA into B20 reduced Carbon (C), Aluminum (Al), Potassium (K), and volatile materials in the soot, whereas it increased Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Zinc (Zn), Barium (Ba), Chlorine (Cl), Sodium (Na), and fixed carbon. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results for B20P showed the lower agglomeration than B20 and diesel fuel. Therefore, B20P fuel can be used as an alternative to diesel fuel in diesel engines to lower the harmful emissions without compromising the fuel quality.
本研究旨在探讨聚甲基丙烯酸酯 (PMA) 添加剂对柴油椰子和/或依桐生物柴油燃料发动机中颗粒物 (PM) 和氮氧化物 (NO) 排放形成的影响。测量并比较了 20%椰子和/或依桐生物柴油-柴油混合燃料 (B20)、B20 中添加 0.03wt% PMA 的燃料 (B20P) 和柴油燃料的物理化学性质，以符合 ASTM D6751、D7467 和 EN 14214 标准。试验结果表明，添加 PMA 添加剂可显著改善 B20 的冷流性能，如倾点 (PP)、浊点 (CP) 和冷滤堵塞点 (CFPP)。PMA 添加剂的添加降低了所有测试燃料的发动机比能耗。发动机排放结果表明，与 B20 和柴油相比，添加剂添加燃料可降低 PM 浓度，而 PM 尺寸和 NO 排放均高于 B20 燃料和基础柴油燃料。此外，将 PMA 添加到 B20 中可降低烟尘中的碳 (C)、铝 (Al)、钾 (K) 和挥发性物质，而增加氧 (O)、氟 (F)、锌 (Zn)、钡 (Ba)、氯 (Cl)、钠 (Na) 和固定碳。B20P 的扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 结果表明，与 B20 和柴油燃料相比，其团聚程度较低。因此，B20P 燃料可替代柴油发动机中的柴油燃料，在不影响燃料质量的情况下降低有害排放。
